TY  - JOUR
U1  - Zeitschriftenartikel, wissenschaftlich - begutachtet (reviewed)
A1  - Eisenacher, Matthias
A1  - Vosberg, Jonas
A1  - Bouveyron, Thomas
A1  - Eisen-Winter, Simon
A1  - Drönner, Jan
A1  - Raabe, Gerhard
A1  - Vanhoorne, Pierre
A1  - Behnke, Sven
T1  - Temperature Stable Ion Exchange Resins as Catalysts for the Manufacturing of Vitamin Precursors by Aldol Reaction
JF  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
N2  - This study explores the potential of robust, strongly basic type I ion exchange resins—specifically, Amberlyst® A26 OH and Lewatit® K 6465—as catalysts for the aldol condensation of citral and acetone, yielding pseudoionone. Emphasis is placed on their long-term stability and commendable performance in continuous operational settings. The aldol reaction, which traditionally is carried out using aqueous sodium hydroxide as the catalyst, holds the potential for enhanced sustainability and reduced waste production through the use of basic ion exchange resins in heterogeneous catalysis. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations are employed to investigate catalyst deactivation mechanisms. The result of these calculations indicates that the active sites of Amberlyst® A26 OH are cleaved more easily than the active sites of Lewatit® K 6465. However, the experimental data show a gradual decline in catalytic activity for both resins. Batch experiments reveal Amberlyst® A26 OH’s active sites diminishing, while Lewatit® K 6465 maintains relative consistency. This points to distinct deactivation processes for each catalyst. The constant count of basic sites in Lewatit® K 6465 during the reaction suggests additional factors due to its unique polymer structure. This intriguing observation also highlights an exceptional temperature stability for Lewatit® K 6465 compared to Amberlyst® A26 OH, effectively surmounting one of the prominent challenges associated with the utilization of ion exchange resins in catalytic applications.
KW  - Ion Exchange Resin
KW  - Aldol Reaction
KW  - Heterogeneous Catalysis
KW  - Vitamins
KW  - Catalyst Deactivation
Y1  - 2023
UN  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-24916
SN  - 1422-0067
SS  - 1422-0067
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814367
DO  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814367
VL  - 24
IS  - 18
SP  - 14
S1  - 14
PB  - MDPI
ER  -