TY - CHAP A1 - Schörken, Ulrich T1 - Book of Proceedings of STEPsCON 2018 N2 - STEPsCON 2018 was jointly organized by the Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences of TH Köln (Germany) and the University of Oulu (Finland) on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Leverkusen – Oulu town twinning. The conference focused on sustainability issues and covered the current state of research in four key topics: 1. Sustainable Medicine and Pharmaceuticals 2. Resources and Bioremediation 3. Sustainable Chemistry & Industrial Biotechnology 4. Innovative Materials & Formulations KW - STEPsCON 2018 KW - Proceedings Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-13992 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schröder, Sebastian A1 - Rehorek, Astrid T1 - Oxidation of Methane in Boggy Sediment, Industrial Biogas Plant and a Landfill Leachate Treatment Plant T2 - Book of Proceedings of STEPsCON 2018 N2 - For use in a landfill, a laboratory reactor for safe and environmentally friendly biological utilization of low-concentration methane gas will be further developed. The current principle of denitrification-coupled aerobic methane oxidation will be replaced by methane oxidation under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic methane oxidation offers the advantage that, in addition to methane, nitrate also undergoes biodegradation. Another advantage is that the oxygen content can be significantly lower. This reduces the risk of the formation of an explosive atmosphere in the reactor. Currently, the principle of anaerobic methane oxidation is known. However, organisms capable of doing so are not yet available as a pure culture. Therefore, several biomasses were probed for the ability of anaerobic methane oxidation. It was found that moor-heavy sediment, activated sludge from the leachate treatment plant and biomass from the local biogas plant oxidize methane after the natural carbon source (C source) was been removed. KW - Oxidation of methane KW - Industrial biogas plant KW - Landfill leachate treatment KW - Carbon source Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-14086 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zerhusen, Christian A1 - Chavez Linares, Pilar A1 - Sonnabend, Maresa A1 - Leimenstoll, Marc C. A1 - Schörken, Ulrich T1 - Lipase catalyzed synthesis of oligomeric diol building blocks utilizing sophorolipid-derived hydroxy fatty acids T2 - Book of Proceedings of STEPsCON 2018 N2 - The synthesis of 17-hydroxy-oleic acid based oligomeric esters was investigated with immobilized Pseudozyma antarctica Lipase B and hexanediol as co-substrate. The effects of different reaction parameters on velocity and product composition at equilibrium conditions were analyzed. The synthesis of oleic acid esters was used as a reference system for initial evaluation of reaction parameters. The reaction with oleic acid and hexanediol was fastest at an enzyme concentration of 5% at 60 °C and high conversions of > 90 % were achieved in non-polar solvents in the presence of molecular sieves. In heptane an oleic acid conversion of 96 % was reached with a final diester to monoester ratio of > 4:1. In syntheses trials with 17-hydroxy-oleic acid the formation of oligomers was verified with GPC, however; conversion was generally lower than with oleic acid. Removal of hydroxyl fatty acid monomers and dimers and the formation ester functionalities could be verified by GC analysis. An increase of the degree of oligomerization was observed simultaneously by GPC analysis. The number-average molecular weight was around 1400 in the best trials corresponding to a degree of oligomerization of around 4 units of hydroxyl-fatty acid attached to a hexanediol core. Though transformations were not complete, the final oligomer size was in the lower range of polyester diols used for polyurethane manufacturing. KW - Lipase KW - CALB KW - Hydroxyacids KW - Oligomers KW - Esterification Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-14125 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sonnabend, Maresa A1 - Zerhusen, Christian A1 - Schörken, Ulrich A1 - Leimenstoll, Marc C. T1 - Synthesis of Polyurethanes based on 17 Hydroxy Oleic Acid obtained from Sophorolipids T2 - Book of Proceedings of STEPsCON 2018 N2 - Due to the worldwide shortage of petrochemical based resources, the usage of renewable bio-based raw materials for established and novel products becomes increasingly important.[1] Such bio-based resources are already used for the fabrication of a variety of products, e. g. paper, lubricants, detergents or cosmetics. In the future they are expected to emerge in many more applications in industry and household.[1] A very promising approach relies on the use of glycolipids as a source of hydroxy-oleic acid.[2] Microbial glycolipids are produced for instance via fermentation from natural resources such as plant oils and sugar.[3] After fermentation complex product mixtures are obtained with the composition depending on the microorganism, substrate and fermentation time.[3] The successful use of microbial glycolipids and hydroxy-oleic acid (HOA) derived therefrom as bio-based intermediates requires reliable analytical methods as well as robust manufacturing processes for the synthesis and cleavage of bio-based molecules. In order to obtain hydroxy-oleic acids as bio-based intermediates, the acidic cleavage of microbial derived sophorolipid was investigated. In addition the implementation of HOA in polyurethane (PU) systems was explored. KW - Sophorolipid KW - Polyesterpolyols KW - Bio-based KW - Polyurethane KW - Polyol Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-14098 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Himanshu, Himanshu A1 - Wolf, Christian T1 - Future of anaerobic digestion in Germany T2 - Book of Proceedings of STEPsCON 2018 N2 - The introduction of Feed-in tariffs in the German Renewable Energy Act (EEG) fuelled the growth of anaerobic digestion (AD) industry making Germany the country with highest number of operational AD plants. However, the rapid expansion of AD industry resulted in some unwanted side-effects such as food vs fuel debate, increased prices for electricity and the temporal mismatch between supply and demand of electricity grid. Subsequent amendments in EEG has tried to address some of these issues by reduction in Feed-in tariffs, introduction of a cap on cereal based feedstocks and providing premium for energy production in accordance with market demand. Furthermore, the Feed-in tariffs which were introduced for 20 years are soon going to expire. The changes in legal and political discourse is soon going to introduce some new challanges to the AD industry. This paper has discussed some of these challanges and their potential solutions. KW - Biogas KW - On-demand production KW - Methane KW - Storage Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-14049 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eccleston, Robin T1 - Intermittently Fed Anaerobic Digestion: Requirement and Process Control T2 - Book of Proceedings of STEPsCON 2018 N2 - The electricity network is undergoing a change due to reducing costs for renewable energy sources. Subsidy programs for renewable energy sources are changing and the funding available is being reduced. This will have an impact on anaerobic digestion which in some cases may struggle financially. Overfeeding is one of the most common mechanisms of inhibition in the process, and by shifting to intermittent feeding for on-demand production, this change will provide more information about the digestion process and could be used to detect the beginning of inhibition due to overfeeding. This paper discusses the shift towards intermittent production and how this change can be used to monitor the anaerobic digestion process. KW - Biogas KW - Energy supply KW - Power KW - On-demand production Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-14031 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Nolte, Johannes A1 - Schörken, Ulrich T1 - Comparative analysis of non-natural acceptor glucosylation with sucrase enzymes of family GH 70 T2 - Book of Proceedings of STEPsCON 2018 N2 - Mutan- and alternansucrase were analyzed for their non-natural glucosylation potential with catecholic compounds caffeic acid and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) as well as with non-catecolic p-coumaric acid and umbellic acid. Mutansucrase accepted both catecholic substrates and high glucosylation yields of 92 % with caffeic acid and 81 % with NDGA were obtained. The enzyme showed a clear regio-preference for the catechol 4-OH, which corresponds to findings from our previous work with Leuconostoc and Weissella derived glucansucrases. The substrate spectrum of the alternansucrase was broader and all substrates were successfully glucosylated with a preference for the catechols. Interestingly alternansucrase possessed a different regio-specificity. With caffeic acid the 3-O-α-D-glucoside was the major product. A similar substrate spectrum and regioselectivity pattern was observed in previous glucansucrase screenings only with glucansucrase from strain Weissella beninensis DSM 22752. Therefore it may be concluded that the W. beninensis enzyme is an alternansucrase type enzyme as well. KW - Alternansucrase KW - Mutansucrase KW - Acceptor reaction KW - Caffeic acid KW - Nordihydroguaiaretic acid Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-14070 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Steiner, Christoph A1 - Annepogu, Nitesh A1 - Schluckebier, Lara A1 - Rehorek, Astrid T1 - Nitrification monitoring – Determination of bacterial groups in a biocoenosis with selective inhibition and oxygen uptake rate measurements T2 - Book of Proceedings of STEPsCON 2018 N2 - In the degradation of ammonia (NH4+) to gaseous nitrogen (N2), the nitrification is one of the two reaction steps. The nitrification itself is divided in two steps and is performed by two different types of bacteria. Current literature has shown that there are types of bacteria, which have the genetic equipment to perform both steps in one bacteria. Nevertheless, in wastewater and landfill leachate treatment, ammonia-oxidizing organisms (AOO) and nitrite-oxidizing organisms (NOO) occur as a symbiosis. The intermediate of the two consecutive reaction steps (NO2-, nitrite) is toxic. For this reason, both steps are necessary for the two bacterial groups. To determine the ratio of AOO, NOO and heterotrophic bacteria (which use organic compounds as carbon and energy source) the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) with selective inhibition with N-allylthiourea (ATU) and azide is used. In the inflow of a pilot plant in one street a step by step increased amount of a process water out of a fermentation plant was added to the landfill leachate. For comparison, the other street was supplied only with landfill leachate with the same amount of nitrogen. As a result, comparable values for the different bacterial groups and reproducible results were measured and lead to a better understanding of the analysed nitrification sludge. Deeper understanding of the behavior of the different groups will result in a reduce risk of malfunctions and a more stable operation in the wastewater or landfill leachate treatment plant. KW - Oxygen uptake rate KW - Nitrification KW - Selective inhibition KW - Bacterial groups Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-14106 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bucklitsch, Yannick A1 - Härtkorn, Marc T1 - The extracurricular learning environment at :metabolon - an authentic learning site for knowledge transfer and lifetime learning T2 - Book of Proceedings of STEPsCON 2018 N2 - The whole site of the waste disposal centre Leppe in Lindlar has been modified by the project :metabolon into an authentic learning site for knowledge transfer. Addressing all age groups, the project offers insights into environmental knowledge and explains contexts of resources and material flows. The site conditions allow practical outlooks on future energy systems. Following the meta theme of “lifetime learning”, pupils and students are addressed by different modules, considering their individual learning levels. KW - :metabolon KW - Extracurricular learning KW - Knowledge transfer Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-14029 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tervasmäki, Petri A1 - Gradov, Dmitry A1 - Latva-Kokko, Marko A1 - Koiranen, Tuomas A1 - Tanskanen, Juha T1 - Tools for reactor evaluation in bioprocesses T2 - Book of Proceedings of STEPsCON 2018 N2 - Aerobic microbial cultivations are industrially important group of processes and pose challenges for the reactor design. In particular, estimation of industrial scale conditions is difficult from laboratory and pilot scale data. Due to complex interaction of gas/liquid phase hydrodynamics, mass transfer parameters and microbial metabolism, both improvement of modelling tools and reactor design are desired. We present an approach to estimate growth conditions in industrial scale reactor by combining black-box metabolic models with CFD-model. The reactor type used here is Outotec OKTOP9000®, which is used in the industrial hydrometallurgical processes at 900 m3 scale. It is adopted to a laboratory setting and compared to stirred tank reactor (STR) in gas dispersion, mass transfer and yeast cultivation experiments. In addition, a kinetic model for the yeast growth is developed based on literature sources and validated by the laboratory scale batch cultivations. This kinetic model is used along with CFD-model that is developed to describe the flow and mass transfer conditions in the industrial scale reactor. The laboratory scale experiments show the feasibility of OKTOP9000® reactor when compared to STR, particularly with improved gas handling capacity. The modelling approach shows qualitatively similar behavior in the large scale simulations when compared to laboratory scale cultivations. KW - Bioreactor KW - Kinetic model KW - CFD KW - Mass transfer Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-14118 ER -