TY - RPRT A1 - Materne, Stefan T1 - Annual Report 2020 of the Cologne Research Centre for Reinsurance N2 - The Cologne Research Centre for Reinsurance analyses the latest developments in the reinsurance market and, where appropriate, monitors these through research projects. In the process, the Research Centre for Reinsurance links its research activities with practices in the reinsurance sector. The year 2020 was dominated by the global COVID-19 pandemic. There were numerous substantial challenges that arose not just in general but also for the (re-)insurance industry in particular. Naturally, interaction and practical, bidirectional knowledge transfer at the Cologne Research Centre for Reinsurance was also hard-hit by the many event cancellations and their makeshift relocation to online formats. We particularly regretted the cancellation of the 17th Cologne Reinsurance Symposium. The 13th Annual Meeting of the Sponsoring Group Reinsurance was quite a success in the chosen online format – but of course we would like to return to the traditional event format at Clostermannshof as soon as possible. A complete success, on the other hand, with 178 participants, was the webinar series hosted by the Research Centre for Reinsurance on the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) initiative on risk mitigation techniques that could alter the effects of reinsurance under Solvency II. There are twelve people currently employed at the Cologne Research Centre for Reinsurance. All of the personnel, material and travel costs for the Research Centre for Reinsurance are fully financed by third-party funds provided by the Sponsoring Group Reinsurance. The special circumstances were scarcely an impediment to the research, communication and cooperation among the employees of the Research Centre for Reinsurance. As most employees do not live and work in Cologne, anyway, working from home and online had been the rule for them even before the coronavirus crisis hit. The transition to a setting working from home was (nearly) a smooth one for the other employees as well. As every year, we would like to express our appreciation to the Sponsoring Group Reinsurance, the University leadership and administration, and the Institute of Insurance Studies for their support of our research work. T3 - Publikationen der Kölner Forschungsstelle Rückversicherung - 2/2021 KW - Forschungsbericht KW - Reinsurance KW - Kölner Forschungsstelle Rückversicherung KW - Rückversicherung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-16911 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Materne, Stefan ED - Materne, Stefan T1 - Vortragsveröffentlichung: Die Rückversicherung nach HIM N2 - Diese Veröffentlichung basiert auf einem Vortrag an dem Forschungsinstitut für Privatversicherungsrecht (Leitung Univ.-Prof. Dr. Michael Gruber) der Universität Salzburg am 7. Januar 2020. Zunächst erfolgte ein kurzer Überblick über die – aus juristischer Sicht vielleicht interessanten – Rückversicherungsaspekte von Solvency II. Anschließend wurden die Organisation und Durchführung von Schiedsgerichtsverfahren in der Rückversicherung erläutert sowie deren Vereinbarung in Rückversicherungsverträgen. Als ein fiktives Beispiel für Gerichts- und Schiedsgerichtsverfahren wurde die fehlende Vereinbarung des für die Rückversicherungsvertragsbeziehung geltenden Rechts gewählt. An dieser Fragestellung wurden die unterschiedlichen Vorgehensweisen eines Gerichts beziehungsweise eines Schiedsgerichtsverfahrens diskutiert. Insbesondere wären in den beiden Verfahren diametral entgegengesetzte Entscheidungen zu erwarten. Im Hauptteil des Vortrags wurden dann die Hurricane-Ereignisse Harvey, Irma und Maria („HIM“) in 2017 adressiert: Verlauf, Schäden, jeweilige Besonderheiten, unterschiedliche Kommunikation gegenüber Öffentlichkeit und Investoren durch einzelne Rückversicherer, Auswirkungen auf die Dividendenpolitik und vieles andere mehr. Danach wurde anhand der Schadenereignisse in den Folgejahren und der uneinheitlichen Renewals seit 2017 in Erst- und Rückversicherung sowie Retrozession die These plausibilisiert,dass der Rückversicherungszyklus spätestens seit HIM ausgesetzt ist. Zur Abrundung wurden die – ebenfalls uneinheitlichen – jeweiligen Entwicklungen von traditionaler Rückversicherung und dem Alternative Risk Transfer durch Insurance Linked Securities gegenübergestellt. Die Volatilität der Rückversicherungsmärkte wird die Akteure sicherlich auch weiterhin in Atem halten – und dem Beobachter die Möglichkeit zu Analyse und Kommentierung. T3 - Publikationen der Kölner Forschungsstelle Rückversicherung - 18/2020 KW - Versicherungswirtschaft KW - Versicherungsbranche KW - Rückversicherung Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-16371 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hatzky, Julian T1 - Solving Combinatorial Optimization Problems on a D-Wave Quantum Annealer and Development of Higher Level Hardware Abstraction Layers N2 - An approach to solve combinatorial optimization problems on a D-Wave Quantum Annealer while using a self-developed software framework. KW - Quantentechnologie KW - Quantum Computing KW - Quantum Annealing Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-16847 ER - TY - THES A1 - Sonja, Schneider T1 - Stimme haben und gehört werden N2 - Die UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention (UN-BRK) und das gerade in der Umsetzung begriffene Bundesteilhabegesetz (BTHG) als Inklusions- und Teilhabestärkungs-Gesetz fordern eine individuelle und selbstbestimmte Lebensführung sowie die volle Teilhabe am Leben in der Gemeinschaft für psychisch-erkrankte Menschen. Gleichzeitig zeigen Ergebnisse aus Forschung und Wissenschaft, dass die Inklusion und Teilhabemöglichkeiten von schwer psychisch erkrankten Menschen noch weit hinter den gesteckten Zielen und Forderungen zurückliegen. Einen großen Anteil daran haben anhaltende Selbst- und Fremd-Stigmatisierungsprozesse, denen die Sozialpsychiatrie mit verschiedenen Ansätzen und Konzepten zu begegnen versucht. Da digitale Medien und Internetkommunikation heute einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur gesellschaftliche Teilhabe leisten und als Medien und Orte zur Informationsbeschaffung- und gabe, zu Begegnung und Kommunikation eine wichtige soziale Funktion erfüllen, sollte auch Soziale Arbeit die Nutzung digitaler Medien u.a. durch (Selbst-)Bildungskonzepte fördern, unterstützen und für die Anliegen ihrer Zielgruppen fruchtbar machen. Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit steht daher die Entwicklung einer Projektkonzeption, die anhand einer konkreten Einrichtungssituation der Sozialpsychiatrie entworfen wird. Es handelt sich um ein Podcast-Projekt, das von Menschen mit einer psychischen Erkrankung geplant, durchgeführt und reflektiert wird. Diese Arbeit soll eine Brücke schlagen zwischen dem Recht auf Teilhabe, dem Auftrag Sozialer Arbeit in Bezug auf die soziale Existenz des Menschen, den Folgen psychischer Erkrankungen und den Möglichkeiten digitaler Medien. Der Podcast als Beispiel eines modernen Kommunikationsformats im Internet dient dabei als das verbindende Medium. T3 - Ausgezeichnet! Nominierte und prämierte Abschlussarbeiten an der Fakultät für Angewandte Sozialwissenschaften der TH Köln - 2021/02 KW - Beteiligung KW - Behinderung KW - Podcasting KW - Sozialarbeit Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-16901 ER - TY - THES A1 - Bartoszewicz, Maurice T1 - Konzeption und Entwicklung eines auf DeepSpeech basierenden Open Source Editors zur Transkription von Audio- und Videomaterial N2 - More and more often, spoken information must and should be available in written form. For this purpose, various transcription programs try to support the user with various conveniences when transcribing the source material. A variety of online services go one step further and provide a ready-to-use, automatically generated transcription for a fee. Since the fees can be very expensive for the individual user and the online services may not always be used for privacy reasons, the goal of this work is to implement an open offline alternative. This alternative should be an open source editor based on the open speech-to-text-engine DeepSpeech and should on one hand provide the user with an offline transcription and on the other hand support him in correcting it. To achieve this goal, first the traditional speech recognition and eventually DeepSpeech will be described. This is followed by the conception and implementation of the editor. Since this project is explicitly intended to be an open source project, the last part will take a closer look at the release. KW - Automatische Spracherkennung KW - Automatische Spracherkennung KW - Transkription Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-16713 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esser, Tobias A1 - Wolf, Tobias A1 - Schubert, Tim A1 - Benra, Jan A1 - Forero, Stefan A1 - Maistros, George A1 - Barbe, Stéphan A1 - Theodorakopoulos, George V. A1 - Karousos, Dionysios S. A1 - Sapalidis, Andreas A. A1 - Favvas, Evangelos P. T1 - CO2/CH4 and He/N2 Separation Properties and Water Permeability Valuation of Mixed Matrix MWCNTs-Based Cellulose Acetate Flat Sheet Membranes: A Study of the Optimization of the Filler Material Dispersion Method JF - Nanomaterials N2 - The main scope of this work is to develop nano-carbon-based mixed matrix celluloseacetate membranes (MMMs) for the potential use in both gas and liquid separation processes. Forthis purpose, a variety of mixed matrix membranes, consisting of cellulose acetate (CA) polymerand carbon nanotubes as additive material were prepared, characterized, and tested. Multi-walledcarbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as filler material and diacetone alcohol (DAA) as solvent.The first main objective towards highly efficient composite membranes was the proper preparationof agglomerate-free MWCNTs dispersions. Rotor-stator system (RS) and ultrasonic sonotrode (USS)were used to achieve the nanofillers’ dispersion. In addition, the first results of the application of thethree-roll mill (TRM) technology in the filler dispersion achieved were promising. The filler material,MWCNTs, was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and liquid nitrogen (LN2)adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77 K. The derivatives CA-based mixed matrix membranes werecharacterized by tensile strength and water contact angle measurements, impedance spectroscopy,gas permeability/selectivity measurements, and water permeability tests. The studied membranesprovide remarkable water permeation properties, 12–109 L/m2/h/bar, and also good separationfactors of carbon dioxide and helium separations. Specifically, a separation factor of 87 for 10%He/N2feed concentration and a selectivity value of 55.4 for 10% CO2/CH4feed concentrationwere achieved. KW - Cellulose acetate KW - Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) KW - Filler dispersion KW - Ultrasonic sonotrode (USS) KW - Rotor-stator system (RS) KW - Impedance spectroscopy KW - CO2 separation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-16551 SN - 2079-4991 VL - 11 IS - 2 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Nova, Vicente A1 - Bachiller, Carmen A1 - Villacampa, Belén A1 - Kronberger, Rainer A1 - Boria, Vicente E. T1 - Characterization of Nematic Liquid Crystals at Microwave Frequencies JF - Crystals N2 - The use of nematic liquid crystal (LC) mixtures for microwave frequency applicationspresents a fundamental drawback: many of these mixtures have not been properly characterizedat these frequencies, and researchers do not have an a priori clear idea of which behavior they canexpect. This work is focused on developing a new procedure for the extraction of the main parametersof a nematic liquid crystal: dielectric permittivity and loss tangent at 11 GHz under differentpolarization voltages; splay elastic constantK11, which allows calculation of the threshold voltage(Vth); and rotational viscosityγ11, which allows calculating the response time of any arbitrary device.These properties will be calculated by using a resonator-based method, which is implementedwith a new topology of substrate integrated transmission line. The LC molecules should be rotated(polarized) by applying an electric field in order to extract the characteristic parameters; thus,the transmission line needs to have two conductors and low electric losses in order to preserve theintegrity of the measurements. This method was applied to a well-known liquid crystal mixture(GT3-23002 from MERCK) obtaining the permittivity and loss tangent versus bias voltage curves,the splay elastic constant, and the rotational viscosity of the mixture. The results validate the viabilityof the proposed method. KW - Nematische Phase KW - Nematic liquid crystal KW - Permittivity KW - Loss tangent KW - Splay elastic constant KW - Rotational viscosity KW - Microwave KW - Dielektrizitätszahl KW - Elastische Konstante KW - Mikrowelle Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-16419 SN - 2073-4352 VL - 10 IS - 12 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seven, Ümran Sema A1 - Stoll, Mendy A1 - Dubbert, Dennis A1 - Kohls, Christian A1 - Werner, Petra A1 - Kalbe, Elke T1 - Perception, Attitudes, and Experiences Regarding Mental Health Problems and Web Based Mental Health Information Amongst Young People with and without Migration Background in Germany. A Qualitative Study JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health N2 - Mental illnesses in adolescence and young adulthood are steadily increasing. Thus,mental disorders represent an individual and societal challenge and an enormous health economicburden, creating an urgent need for research and action. Mental health problems are omnipresent inthe life of young people and the internet is the first resource, which helps them to understand theirsituation. Young people with migration background often have more difficulties accessing health careservices. Digital technologies offer an ideal opportunity for a low-threshold platform that addressesthe needs of young people. The current project “GeKo:mental” aims to design a multilingual websitefor Cologne-based adolescents and young adults that will enable them to obtain comprehensiveinformation about mental illness and health, treatment options and first contact points. To designthis website, this study aims to find out what kind of health information is needed and how itshould best be presented. Nine focus group discussions with adolescents and young adults withand without migration background (N = 68) were conducted; the focus group discussions took placeat schools, in an association for social youth work and in an cultural association, which is linkedto a mosque in Cologne, Germany. A qualitative content analysis was conducted on the gatheredmaterial. The participants reported concrete challenges and needs. The results will form the basis forthe development and design of a website. KW - Heranwachsender KW - Adolescents KW - Young adults KW - Migrant background KW - Mental illness KW - Health literacy KW - Internet/web information KW - Focus group discussions KW - Qualitative content analysis KW - Migrationshintergrund KW - Psychische Störung KW - Portal KW - Gruppeninterview KW - Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-16426 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 18 IS - 1 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fayek, Patrick A1 - Esser, Sebastian A1 - Quiroz, Vanessa A1 - Kim, Chong Dae T1 - Investigation of the Pressure Dependent Hydrogen Solubility in a Martensitic Stainless Steel Using a Thermal Agile Tubular Autoclave and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy JF - Metals N2 - Hydrogen is nowadays in focus as an energy carrier that is locally emission free. Especiallyin combination with fuel-cells, hydrogen offers the possibility of a CO2neutral mobility, providedthat the hydrogen is produced with renewable energy. Structural parts of automotive componentsare often made of steel, but unfortunately they may show degradation of the mechanical propertieswhen in contact with hydrogen. Under certain service conditions, hydrogen uptake into the appliedmaterial can occur. To ensure a safe operation of automotive components, it is therefore necessary toinvestigate the time, temperature and pressure dependent hydrogen uptake of certain steels, e.g., todeduct suitable testing concepts that also consider a long term service application. To investigate thematerial dependent hydrogen uptake, a tubular autoclave was set-up. The underlying paper describesthe set-up of this autoclave that can be pressurised up to 20 MPa at room temperature and can beheated up to a temperature of 250◦C, due to an externally applied heating sleeve. The second focusof the paper is the investigation of the pressure dependent hydrogen solubility of the martensiticstainless steel 1.4418. The autoclave offers a very fast insertion and exertion of samples and thereforehas significant advantages compared to commonly larger autoclaves. Results of hydrogen chargingexperiments are presented, that were conducted on the Nickel-martensitic stainless steel 1.4418.Cylindrical samples 3 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length were hydrogen charged within theautoclave and subsequently measured using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The resultsshow how hydrogen sorption curves can be effectively collected to investigate its dependence ontime, temperature and hydrogen pressure, thus enabling, e.g., the deduction of hydrogen diffusioncoefficients and hydrogen pre-charging concepts for material testing. KW - Wasserstoffaufnahme KW - Hydrogen uptake KW - Gaseous hydrogen KW - Hydrogen sorption curves KW - Thermal desorption spectroscopy KW - Martensitic stainless steel KW - Autoclave KW - Autoklav KW - Thermische Desorptionsspektroskopie Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-16562 SN - 2075-4701 VL - 11 IS - 2 PB - MDPI ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fekete, Alexander A1 - Bross, Lisa A1 - Krause, Steffen A1 - Neisser, Florian A1 - Tzavella, Katerina T1 - Bridging Gaps in Minimum Humanitarian Standards and Shelter Planning by Critical Infrastructures JF - Sustainability N2 - Current agendas such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction or the Sustain-able Development Goals are demanding more integration of disaster risk management into otherthematic fields and relevant sectors. However, certain thematic fields such as shelter planning andcritical infrastructure have not been integrated yet. This article provides an analysis of minimumhumanitarian standards contained in the well-known Sphere handbook. Gaps are identified forseveral critical infrastructure services. Moreover, guidance on how to derive infrastructure or lifelineneeds has been found missing. This article analyses the missing service supply and infrastructureidentification items and procedures. The main innovation is a more integrative perspective on infras-tructure that can improve existing minimum humanitarian standards. It can guide the provision ofinfrastructure services to various types for different hazard scenarios, hence make humanitarian aidand shelter planning more sustainable in terms of avoiding infrastructure or lifeline shortages. KW - Risikomanagement KW - Critical infrastructure KW - Risk management KW - Disaster risk reduction KW - Shelter planning KW - Natural hazard KW - Naturgefahr KW - Katastrophenrisiko KW - Kritische Infrastruktur Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-16573 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 13 IS - 2 PB - MDPI ER -