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Temperature Stable Ion Exchange Resins as Catalysts for the Manufacturing of Vitamin Precursors by Aldol Reaction

  • This study explores the potential of robust, strongly basic type I ion exchange resins—specifically, Amberlyst® A26 OH and Lewatit® K 6465—as catalysts for the aldol condensation of citral and acetone, yielding pseudoionone. Emphasis is placed on their long-term stability and commendable performance in continuous operational settings. The aldol reaction, which traditionally is carried out using aqueous sodium hydroxide as the catalyst, holds the potential for enhanced sustainability and reduced waste production through the use of basic ion exchange resins in heterogeneous catalysis. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations are employed to investigate catalyst deactivation mechanisms. The result of these calculations indicates that the active sites of Amberlyst® A26 OH are cleaved more easily than the active sites of Lewatit® K 6465. However, the experimental data show a gradual decline in catalytic activity for both resins. Batch experiments reveal Amberlyst® A26 OH’s active sites diminishing, while Lewatit® K 6465 maintains relative consistency. This points to distinct deactivation processes for each catalyst. The constant count of basic sites in Lewatit® K 6465 during the reaction suggests additional factors due to its unique polymer structure. This intriguing observation also highlights an exceptional temperature stability for Lewatit® K 6465 compared to Amberlyst® A26 OH, effectively surmounting one of the prominent challenges associated with the utilization of ion exchange resins in catalytic applications.
Metadaten
Author:Matthias Eisenacher, Jonas Vosberg, Thomas Bouveyron, Simon Eisen-Winter, Jan Drönner, Gerhard Raabe, Pierre Vanhoorne, Sven Behnke
URN:urn:nbn:de:hbz:832-epub4-24916
DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814367
ISSN:1422-0067
Parent Title (English):International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Descirption of the primary publication:21.09.2023
Publisher:MDPI
Document Type:Article
Language:English
Date of first Publication:2023/11/13
Date of Publication (online):2023/11/24
Tag:Aldol Reaction; Catalyst Deactivation; Heterogeneous Catalysis; Ion Exchange Resin; Vitamins
Volume:24
Issue:18
Article Number:14367
Page Number:14
Institutes:Angewandte Naturwissenschaften (F11)
Dewey Decimal Classification:500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
Open Access:Open Access
OA-Publicationfonds TH Köln:OA-Publicationfonds TH Köln
Licence (German):License LogoCreative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International