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Die 10. Jahrestagung des Förderkreises Rückversicherung fand am 7. Juli 2017 in Niederkassel bei Köln statt. Etwa 80 Repräsentanten der in dem Förderkreis mitwirkenden (Rück-) Versicherungsunternehmen sowie eingeladene Gäste nahmen daran teil. Im Rahmen der Jahrestagung wurde zum dritten Mal der Researchers‘ Corner durchgeführt, in dessen Verlauf neun der in der Kölner Forschungsstelle Rückversicherung beschäftigten Wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiter je einen Kurzvortrag zu dem individuellen Forschungsprojekt hielten. Des Weiteren führte von Prof. Materne Interviews mit den Herren Lorenz Kielwein und Frank Baumann. Kielwein berichtete über die Anwendung der mathematischen Systemtheorie auf Change Management Prozesse und Baumann aus der Erfahrung seiner 30-jährigen Tätigkeit bei der Gothaer. In drei Sessions wurden jeweils parallel drei Kurzvorträge mit Poster gehalten und im Anschluss diskutiert. Die Heterogenität der vorgetragenen Themenschwerpunkte der Mitarbeiter spiegelt die Verzahnung der Forschungstheorie mit der Praxistätigkeit wider. In den Sessions haben folgende Vortragende in deutscher und englischer Sprache gesprochen:
Runde 1
a) Fabian Pütz (M.Sc.)
Alternative Capital und Basisrisiko in der Standardformel (non-life) von Solvency II
b) Manuel Dietmann (M.Sc.)
SFCR: Erkenntnisse zur erstmaligen Veröffentlichung
c) Jan Böggemann (B.Sc.)
Optimierung des Einkaufs fakultativer Rückversicherung eines Industrieversicherers
Runde 2
a) Robert Joniec (M.Sc.)
Actuarial Swap
b) Lucas Kaiser (M.Sc.)
Auswirkung verschiedener Determinanten auf das Rating von Rückversicherungs-unternehmen
c) Lihong Wang (M.Sc., FCII)
Chinese Automobile Vehicle Recall Insurance
Runde 3
a) Sebastian Hoos (M.Sc., FCII)
Kritische Analyse der Praxisanwendung der Ereignisdefinition
b) Fabian Lassen (B.A.)
Beschäftigte in der Rückversicherungsindustrie - Deutschland und USA
c) Kai-Olaf Knocks (M.A., FCII)
Autonomes Fahren - Evolution oder Revolution ?
Dazu ist die Arbeit eines weiteren Mitarbeiters gekommen, der leider aus logistischen Gründen sein
Forschungsprojekt an einem Poster aushängen, jedoch keinen Kurzvortrag halten konnte.
Posterbeitrag
d) Wolfgang Koch (B.A.)
Public Private Partnership in Schwellen- und Entwicklungsländern
Unser Dank gilt den Fördermittelgebern, die diese Veranstaltung erst ermöglichen und den Wissenschaftlern die Forschung zu ermöglichen.
Im Rahmen dieser Bachelorarbeit an der Technischen Hochschule Köln, deren Bearbeitungszeit vom 20.1.2017 bis 24.3.2017 ist, wird durch ein technisches Experiment geprüft, ob diverse Technologien zur 3D-Erfassung und Rekonstruktion geeignet sind Gebäudeinnenräume so zu erkunden, dass die Gefahrenabwehr dadurch einen höheren Nutzen hat, als es bei einer persönlichen oder autonomen Videoerkundung der Fall ist. Dies soll vor allem dann helfen, wenn Gebäude nicht mehr betreten werden sollten, wie es beispielsweise der Fall ist, wenn das Gebäude durch Erdbebenschäden einsturzgefährdet oder mit Gasen kontaminiert ist. 3D-Modelle einer Umgebung haben u.a. den Vorteil, dass problemlos neue Blickwinkel eingenommen, Maße ermittelt und Planungen für Rettungseinsätze oder Evakuierungen effizienter durchgeführt werden können, ohne Bildmaterial aufwendig zu sichten. Zudem können die Ergebnisse für spätere Evaluationen und Trainings genutzt werden. Um diese Geeignetheit festzustellen werden Beurteilungskriterien erarbeitet, die ein potentielles System erfüllen muss. Diese Kriterien sind: Günstig in der Beschaffung, Zeit bis zu einer 3D-Darstellung, leichte Bedienbarkeit, Qualität bzw. Informationsgewinnung aus der Darstellung (Erkennung von Zugängen und Personen), Lieferung von Zusatzinformationen (beispielsweise Maßangaben) und ob das System Online oder Offline funktionsfähig ist. Um diese Kriterien beurteilen zu können, werden Systeme der drei Haupttechnologien in der 3D-Erfassung (Laserscanner GeoSLAM ZEB-REVO, RGB-D-Kamera Microsoft Kinect und FARO Freestyle3D, Fotogrammetrie mit der Software Agisoft PhotoScan) in einem Versuch überprüft. Dabei wird das Labor für Großschadensereignisse der Technischen Hochschule Köln, der angrenzende Flur und das angrenzende Treppenhaus gescannt bzw. erfasst und rekonstruiert, wobei die nötigen Daten ermittelt werden. Dabei stellt sich heraus, dass der FARO Freestyle3D mit seiner RGB-D-Technologie und der Software FARO Scene als einziges System alle Kriterien erfüllt und somit für den Zweck der Erkundung in diesem Kontext geeignet ist. Der Microsoft Kinect Sensor mit der Software FARO Scene hat, durch Fehler in der Rekonstruktion, Schwächen in der Darstellungsqualität. Dies gilt auch für die Kombination aus GeoS-LAM ZEB-REVO/CloudCompare, da hiermit kein Farbscan erstellt werden kann und somit eine Erkennung von Objekten (z.B. geschlossene Türen) erschwert wird. Die Fotogrammetrie dauert mit einer Berechnungsdauer von ca. 38 Stunden zu lange, um in Notfallsituationen einen Nutzen zu bieten und liefert außerdem falsche Maßangaben.
Nicht näher betrachtet wird in dieser Arbeit die (autonome) Erkundung durch Roboter oder Drohnen, die die Geräte transportieren können, Strom- und Datenübertragungsproblematiken, andere ergänzende Sensortechniken und die Erkundung in dunkler Umgebung.
Amboseli-Tsavo Ecosystem is a unique landscape in Kenya’s semi-arid rangelands to the border of Tanzania. It is characterized by high abundances of wildlife which frequently disperses between three National Parks, namely Amboseli, Tsavo West and Chyulu Hills. Due to an increased population and a land-use change from prior nomadic pastoralism to sedentary farming activities, the land became highly fragmented and transformed into a human-dominated area. Increasingly wildlife migration routes are becoming blocked, leading to isolation of the National Parks and multiplied human-wildlife conflicts. The African elephant (Loxodonta africana) is sadly famous as the most common conflict animal causing damage to properties, cropland and injuring or killing livestock and, in the worst case, people. However, elephants are at the same time a flagship species and represent the backbone for tourism activities around Amboseli. Therefore, the elephant is both a very valuable and problematic asset in the area. Unfortunately, wildlife conservation practices over the last decades, favoring animals over humans, have led to a negative perception of wildlife among the population in the ecosystem which challenges appropriate conservation mechanisms.
To maintain the tourism attraction of viewing elephants and to minimise the conflicts between local communities and animals, migration routes should remain open. The concept of landscape connectivity ensures biodiversity conservation, particularly for far-distance migration animals such as elephants. The elephant was therefore chosen as a keystone species in this study on which the analysis is based.
Using a least-cost path analysis (LCP) in ArcGIS, “cheapest” travel routes of Loxodonta africana between the three National Parks were identified. Factors included were selected and weighted by information gathered in expert interviews. Satellite imagery were classified using ESA SNAP toolbox to obtain vegetation covers and waterbodies for two different seasons (dry and wet), aiming to illustrate the temporal variability of potential connectivity paths. Additionally, key informant interviews and interviews of Group Ranch members around Amboseli National Park were conducted to gather information regarding the current state of management in the ecosystem and perceptions about wildlife management. A subsequent SWOT Analysis on three optimum routes obtained through LCP, takes the social-political factors and information obtained into account to discuss the different options for their conflict solving potential.
On the one hand, recommendations resulting from this study identify possible elephant migration routes that should be maintained by using a participatory conservation approach to secure landscape connectivity in long-term. On the other hand, management recommendations include a design for improved relationships between Group Ranch members and the responsible governmental institutions by equally distributing benefits, implementing financial benefits and establishing a functioning and adequate compensation scheme. By ensuring peoples’ active participation in conservation and wildlife management, a more positive attitude towards wildlife might be induced, which will positively influence the wildlife conflict in long run.
Researchers are always looking for innovative ways to collect the environmental data and ease the process of data collection on the field. Advancement in sensor technologies and drones has led to easy technological access to design custom solutions even with basic electronics and technical knowledge. This paper documents, construction and working of “ITT Smart Sense”, which is a low power, easy to use and cost effective environment monitoring system using wireless sensor network that runs autonomously on battery power for an extended period of time. Along with that, a UAV based platform, titled “ITT Smart Sense Fly”, focused on environmental monitoring and scientific research and is tailored to the needs of researchers has been proposed in this paper. This platform is comprised of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)/Drone with a camera sensor, an autopilot mobile app for mission planning and other required Photogrammetry tools. The drone navigates over the area of interest based on a pre-programmed flight plan and captures a series of photographs using the on-board camera. The collected image data set is processed to create orthomosaics, high resolution maps and 3D point cloud. The proposed solutions were demonstrated with three distinct case studies.
Carbon Sequestration under different land uses and soils in the State of Quintana Roo, Mexico
(2017)
Rising in global temperature is evidently related to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations; this has become an environmental problem. The use of renewable energy, the development of eco-friendly merchandise and the enforcement of biomass management have been proposed to mitigate the issue. In the ecosphere, the pedosphere stores 1,500 to 2,500 PgC, which is four times more than the carbon stored in biomass; hence, it is very important to carry out soil carbon studies because of more long-term stability of such storage. In the study, soil carbon quantification was applied to the entire state of Quintana Roo, using a purpose oriented sampling, to observe the dynamic between land uses and soils, relating all relevant characteristics and properties of the landscape. To study the carbon content stored in soils, total carbon was estimated through loss-on-ignition, organic carbon by Walkley-Black method and inorganic carbon by calcium carbonate determination. The result portrays that the coastal dune vegetation-Arenosol (1,256 Mg C ha-1) is the combination with the highest soil carbon density, while Leptosol is the soil type with the highest storage capacity (852 MtC). Consequently, the soil carbon storage not only relates to soil properties but also associates with the surface area occupied by the specific soil type. In addition, the characteristics of the landscape play an important role in the storage of soil carbon. Due to that, soil carbon storage can be explained by biogeomorphoedaphic factors.
Ghana’s timber industries have traditionally focussed on certifying international demand (exports) to the detriment of domestic wood consumption. The legal wood supply to the domestic market has become insufficient to satisfy the growing needs of the local population. This research aims at gaining greater insight into the sources of wood supply to Ghana’s domestic wood markets focusing on the contribution of legal wood by the mainstream timber companies.
The study used random and purposive sampling techniques for selecting the respondents in the domestic wood market, wood producers as well as consumers. Additionally, the views of the respondents were sought through well semi-structured questionnaires. On the other hand, views from key informants, mostly experts, and regulators in Ghana’s wood industry were solicited through interviews.
The result indicates that the formal timber processors supply 73% of their processed lumber to the export market and 27% to the domestic market. The destination of the 27% is both the domestic market and other lumber demanded sectors especially large scale construction and furniture companies. The carving industry on other hand obtains wood directly from the farmers and not necessary from the domestic wood market. At the domestic timber market, dealers receive lumber supply from both formal (16. 7%) and informal (83.3%) sources.
The domestic wood sector provides livelihood support to both wood dealers, consumers as well as artisans. About 70% of respondents (wood dealers) used in the survey have no other source of livelihood for existence except wood business.
Owing to the immense contribution of the domestic wood market to the country’s economy and developmental agenda, a calls for policy review especially 20% supply of formal processed lumber to the domestic market is timely. Additionally, looking at the various interventions to curtail illegal chain saw and the continued market demand, the study believes more regulated measures will better help the nation to grasped huge revenue lost as a result of illegalities to embark on vigorous afforestation programs to sustain the domestic wood market.
This thesis is aimed for finding a solution for non-gaming application of Virtual Reality technology in data visualization and analysis. Starting by reconstructing the concept of Virtual Reality, the paper then describes the principles, concepts and techniques of designing a Virtual Reality application. In the last part of the thesis, a detailed description of how a prototype implemented is presented to provide a preview of how data visualization and analysis and Virtual Reality technology can be combined together in order to enable users to perceive and comprehend data in a possibly better way.
LA FERDINANDA (in der Mitte des Ozeans...), ein 1981 von Rebecca Horn
bemaltes Glasobjekt ist aufgrund seines Erhaltungszustandes nicht mehr
ausstellungsfähig. Aufbauend auf Untersuchungen zu künstlerischem Kontext,
verwendeten Materialien, Werkprozess und Erhaltungszustand wurde ein
Restaurierungskonzept entwickelt. Den Schwerpunkt der Arbeit stellt die
Konsolidierung des schwach gebundenen Farbauftrages auf dem Glasträger dar.
Hierfür wurden umfangreiche Versuchsreihen angelegt und bewertet. Die besten
Ergebnisse konnten mit einem Konsolidierungsmittel auf Basis des
siliciumorganischen ORMOCER-G in Mischung mit Paraloid B72 erzielt werden.
Die Applikation erfolgte mit einem Dosiergerät.
Development of renewable energy projects within photovoltaic energy sector has reached unrestrainable pace in recent years and thus the investors are more vigilantly considering the further business deployment towards this sector. Underpinned with clear support from KfW Development Bank, the company MACS Energy & Water GmbH decided to facilitate future verification of credit lines towards these projects by deploying special eSaveTM software which would include technical and financial appraisals specially designed for their clients. Hereof this thesis comprises the initial phase development of this software within the MS Excel and endeavors to provide a proper guideline for the software engineers included in this task in the company. In order to simplify the explanation process this report sticks to 50 kW power plant project in Prokuplje. It is anticipated that this model would enhance, improve and expedite the feasibility analysis between the cooperatives by delivering the projections of energy yield, payback periods and sensitivity analysis of the loan conditions specified for the target country and PV projects in the same. However, besides this main task this report aims to fulfill all the other necessary prerequisites for accomplishing a good due diligence practice. Therefore the thesis places its focus to Republic of Serbia where exceptional due diligence reports were made, among which the Prokuplje project, and compiles the assessments in terms of legal, environmental and risk into one general framework for PV projects in this country. By doing so, the desktop-based model and results obtained with this user-friendly tool can lean on the full due diligence assessment and provide the reader a clear comprehensive overview of possibility to invest into this renewable energy sector in Republic of Serbia.
Keywords: PV, Due diligence, Serbia, eSaveTM, feasibility, model
This thesis presents the perspective and basis for modeling of retail electricity price components in Germany. Detailed Python models are developed to provide predictions for yearly development of average network charges, EEG, StromNEV-19 and KWK surcharges for the period 2015-2035. For network charges and EEG surcharge, scenario-B (2035) from NEP2015 has been chosen as the model scenario. For KWK surcharge, the 2025 KWK share target, set by KWKG-2016, has been chosen as the model scenario. Individual component model results are validated against available academic literature and institutional reports. Model results for EEG surcharge, indicate an increasing yearly EEG costs till 2024, after which the expiring EEG plants of past will unburden the related high costs and EEG surcharge will drop but still be around 99% of 2015 level in 2035. Model results for network charges indicate a consistently increasing yearly trend owing to high grid investments needed for reaching the target RE share of 57%. KWK model results also indicate a growing KWK surcharge until 2020 which then would remain stagnant at that level onwards. All model results are collected under three consumption categories, namely, households, privileged and nonprivileged industries. The final results indicate that the average German household will face an overall increase of around 3.37 Cents/kWh in retail electricity prices (excluding VAT) till 2028, after which the retail prices will drop a little due to dropping EEG surcharge. The similar but slightly reduced trend can be seen for nonprivileged industrial consumption. The increment effect, however, is only minute for privileged industrial consumption due to high exemptions in EEG & KWK surcharges and reduced individual network charges.