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Due to their unpredictable nature and sweeping impacts make cyber risks, including cyber warfare and state-sponsored cyber-attacks, present a considerable challenge to many areas of our daily lives. In today’s connected world, the threat of cyber risk is omnipresent. Cyber warfare and state-sponsored cyber-attacks are of particular concern, as they are initiated or supported by governments or state actors. Often, the purpose of such attacks is to compromise critical infrastructure, government systems, businesses, or citizens’ privacy. The impacts can be devastating. They range from financial losses for businesses to theft of intellectual property, disruptions of public order and threats to national security.
Analytisches Berechnungsmodell ohne empirische Exponentenansätze : Rauchentwicklung bei Bränden
(2002)
Es wird ein analytisches Berechnungsmodell zur Rauchentwicklung über einem Brandherd vorgestellt, das auf der Annahme der Wärme- und Impulserhaltung in der aufsteigenden Rauchsäule basiert, sowie der Kenntnis des Ausbreitungswinkels. Beobachtungen zufolge beträgt der halbe Ausbreitungswinkel etwa 7° bis 8°. Ein Vorteil des Modells gegenüber anderen, meist empirischen "PLume-Formeln" liegt darin, dass erstmals die drei wichtigsten Einflussparameter der Brandrauchausbreitung (Wärmefreisetzungsrate, Brandfläche, Raumhöhe) gemeinsam berücksichtigt werden und es keine versuchsbedingten Gültigkeitsgrenzen gibt.
In dieser Bachelorarbeit wird das Thema Big Data und die damit verbundenen Technologien, sprich NoSQL und Hadoop behandelt. Das Thema wurde bewusst ausgewählt, weil sie zum einen aktuell und zum anderen immer mehr an Bedeutung, aus Sicht der Unternehmen gewinnt. Durch die ständig anwachsenden Daten, die zu 80% in Semistrukturierter Form vorliegen, stößt die IT-Infrastruktur eines Unternehmens schnell an seine Grenzen. Und genau an dieser Stelle sollen die Big Data Technologien, wie „NoSQL“ und „Hadoop“, helfen, die so großen Datenmengen zu verarbeiten, um für das Unternehmen, wertvolle Informationen zu liefern, die bislang nicht ersichtlich waren.
Existiert das "gläserne" Unternehmen? Sind die letzten Geheimnisse der Konkurrenz bereits gelüftet? Gibt es sichere Entscheidungen durch Allwissenheit? Ist Industriespionage heute überflüssig? Diese Fragen drängen sich mit dem immer weiter wachsenden Angebot an Datenbanken geradezu auf. Anhand der Untersuchung einiger renommierter Datenbanken wird versucht, darauf eine Antwort zu finden. Ausgangspunkt ist die Definition des Begriffs "Firmeninformationen". Bisher wird dieser Begriff offensichtlich je nach Bedarf ausgelegt. Anschließend wird das Feld der Firmeninformationen in seine Bestandteile zerlegt, um zu zeigen, daß dazu nicht nur die einfachen Fakten wie Mitarbeiterzahl oder Umsatz gehören. Im zweiten Kapitel werden die einzelnen Datenbanktypen mit ihren Inhalten vorgestellt. Das dritte Kapitel befaßt sich mit Kriterien, die für die Qualität von Firmeninformationsdatenbanken entscheidend sind. Im Anschluß erfolgt eine Analyse des Datenangebotes. Untersucht wurde das Angebot ausgewählter Datenbanken zu den Unternehmen "Aldi" und "Henkel KGaA".
When it comes to web applications and their dynamic content, one seemingly common trouble area is that of layouts. Frequently, web designers resort to frameworks or JavaScript-based solutions to achieve various layouts where the capabilities of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) fall short. Although the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is attempting to address the demand for more robust and concise layout solutions to handle dynamic content with the recent and upcoming specifications, a generic approach to creating layouts using constraint syntax has been proposed and implementations have been created. Yet, the introduction of constraint syntax would change the CSS paradigm in a fundamental way, demanding further analysis to determine the viability of its inclusion in core web standards. This thesis focuses on one particular aspect of the introduction of constraint syntax: how intuitive constraint syntax will be for designers. To this end, an experiment is performed involving participants thinking aloud while reading code snippets. Also, cursor movements are recorded as a proxy for eye movement over the code snippets. The results indicate that, upon first-impression, constraint syntax within CSS is not intuitive for designers.
Pelleted biomass has a low, uniform moisture content and can be handled and stored cheaply and safely. Pellets can be made of industrial waste, food waste, agricultural residues, energy crops, and virgin lumber. Despite their many desirable attributes, they cannot compete with fossil fuel sources because the process of densifying the biomass and the price of the raw materials make pellet production costly.
Leaves collected from street sweeping are generally discarded in landfills, but they can potentially be valorized as a biofuel if they are pelleted. However, the lignin content in leaves is not high enough to ensure the physical stability of the pellets, so they break easily during storage and transportation. In this study, the use of eucalyptus kraft lignin as an additive in tree-leaf pellet production was studied. Results showed that when 2% lignin is added the abrasion resistance can be increased to an acceptable value. Pellets with added lignin fulfilled all requirements of European standards for certification except for ash content. However, as the raw material has no cost, this method can add value or contribute to financing continued sweeping and is an example of a circular economy scenario.
Pressure injuries remain a serious health complication for patients and nursing staff. Evidence from the past decade has not been analysed through narrative synthesis yet. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and other reviews/sources were screened. Risk of bias was evaluated using a slightly modified QUIPS tool. Risk factor domains were used to assign (non)statistically independent risk factors. Hence, 67 studies with 679,660 patients were included. In low to moderate risk of bias studies, non-blanchable erythema reliably predicted pressure injury stage 2. Factors influencing mechanical boundary conditions, e.g., higher interface pressure or BMI < 18.5, as well as factors affecting interindividual susceptibility (male sex, older age, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, diabetes, hypotension, low physical activity, existing pressure injuries) and treatment-related aspects, such as length of stay in intensive care units, were identified as possible risk factors for pressure injury development. Health care professionals’ evidence-based knowledge of above-mentioned risk factors is vital to ensure optimal prevention and/or treatment. Openly accessible risk factors, e.g., sex, age, BMI, pre-existing diabetes, and non-blanchable erythema, can serve as yellow flags for pressure injury development. Close communication concerning further risk factors, e.g., anemia, hypoalbuminemia, or low physical activity, may optimize prevention and/or treatment. Further high-quality evidence is warranted.
Dieses Schulungskonzept wurde vor allem von der Erstautorin als praktische Methodensammlung für Einrichtungen und Personen entwickelt, die pflegende Angehörige unterstützen und beraten. Das Konzept integriert zwei Ansätze, nämlich die Gelassenheitsförderung durch Introvision nach Wagner und die Gewaltfreie Kommunikation (GFK) nach Rosenberg.
Jordan is deemed as one of the least water-endowed regions in the world. The acute water shortage, accompanied with changing climatic conditions have necessitated the increasing use of treated wastewater (TWW), predominantly in irrigated agriculture sector. This is especially true with the upper Zarqa River. The ample supply of TWW resources can be found there; paradoxically, the practical implementation of TWW reuse is hindered by the enforcement of irrigation water quality standard, compounding pressure on the dwindling groundwater resources. In light of the large potential source of TWW, this study aims to supply knowledge on maximizing the safe reuse of TWW while minimizing the environmental impacts within the local environment of the upper Zarqa River. A SWOT analysis was conducted to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of TWW reuse for agriculture in the local context. In recognition of the projected growth in the treated effluent to more than 135 MCM in the coming ten years, and how it would affect the water use on the study region, several plausible development scenarios were proposed based on expected developments on the ground. Considering the vital role of TWW in sustaining multiple ecosystem services, this study addresses the need to review current standard, encourages managed aquifer recharge with TWW, recommends crops type modification, and enhances knowledge on suitable practices at farm level. Each of these factors is needed in order to deliver a range of ecosystem services to sustain the local rural communities and to advance them in the face of profound challenges, thereby leading to its stability and increased productivity.