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Das Internet of Things (IoT) ist aktuell eines der trendgebenden Themen der Infor-mationstechnik. Dem Thema werden dabei viele Versprechungen, aber auch Erwar-tungen auf staatlicher, wirtschaftlicher und alltäglicher Ebene zugeordnet. Dabei besteht die Frage, was ist Hype und was ist Realität? Motivation und Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit ist es, dieses Thema zu untersuchen und Aspekte daraus in einem Smart Home System umzusetzen. Klare Zielsetzung ist die lauffähige Ver-sion eines Prototyps zu produzieren. Dieser soll den technischen Durchstich ver-schiedener Werkzeuge, Technologien und Services, als integratives Ziel dieser Arbeit, durchführen. Eine Verknüpfung mit realen Anwendungsfällen ist zur besse-ren Veranschaulichung wünschenswert, aber für die Zielerreichung nicht zwangsläu-fig erforderlich. Gleichzeitig soll der Prototyp ein stabiles Fundament für weitere Entwicklungen auf dessen Basis bereitstellen. Der Einsatz von Technologien im Be-ta-Stadium ist dadurch aber nicht ausgeschlossen, wie der Einsatz des aktuell noch in der Entwicklervorschau befindlichen Android Things zeigt.
Water is an eminently important element for societal development. It must be available in sufficient quantity and quality to meet human requirements of consumption, food production and sanitation. The riverine ecosystems are increasingly deteriorated due to human interventions. This leads to changes in the natural flow patterns. The concept of environmental flow started to emerge. Due to the importance of environmental flow in the integrated river basin management, researchers and scientists worldwide have made great efforts towards assessing the environmental flow requirements in river ecosystems. Various tools and techniques were defined. Governmental authorities and water ministries (all over the world including Egypt) have introduced regulations and policies to assure the vitality of environmental flow in river management and water allocation too.
Although different methods are available for the environmental flow assessment, those techniques are not practically applied. Implementing the environmental flow in real world is a challenge, due to the lack of political will and the stakeholder support, the institutional barriers and conflicts of interest, and finally the insufficient resources and capacity in environmental management institutions. It is a multidisciplinary and intersectoral process.
The present study aims to report the importance of environmental flow regarding the inhabitants’ daily life as well as the overall Egyptian socio-economic, political and health status. It demonstrates the methods of applying the Environmental flow concept in Egypt with a focus on social and political aspects, detailing the current situation in Egypt, and clarifying the obstacles that face the implementation process. The data was collected via local people questionnaires, stakeholders’ interviews and field visits. The study proposes solutions to evade the environmental flow implementation obstacles and overcome current challenges. Moreover, the study predicts future issues and offers solutions to avoid their occurrence.
Illegal Gold mining and water quality. A case study of River Offin in the Central Region of Ghana
(2018)
Ghana as a country in the west of Africa is naturally endowed with many rich natural resources some of which includes; Gold, diamond, bauxite, manganese, cocoa, etc. Currently, it’s the second leading producer of gold production in Africa after South Africa. Gold production has produced a lot of benefits to the nation but at the same time contributed to many negativities ranging from pollution (water and air), land degradation, ethnic conflicts and deforestation. Industrial gold mining itself was never a big issue that caused any panic in the country till illegal gold miners “Galamseyers” also commenced operating. The sole objectives of this research were to determine the level of some specific heavy metal (Mercury, Lead, Arsenic and Zinc) concentrations within the Offin River in Dunkwa-on-Offin, Buabenso, Ayanfuri and Nkotumso. Results after the research revealed that, Ayanfuri recorded the highest level of concentrations. Nkotumso followed in that order before Buabenso with Dunkwa-on-Offin recording the least concentrations. It also became clear later that, even though the degree of intensiveness of the illegal mining “Galamsey” operations could have been a main factor for the increased concentrations, another finding was that, towns or communities that recorded higher concentrations throughout the study also showed to be towns that made use of inorganic fertilizers on its farms. The Minerals and mining Act 2006 of Ghana was then analyzed and conclusion was that, though the country has very strong policies regarding illegal mining termed “Galamsey”, there seemed to be institutional loop holes that have not been strong enough to combat illegal mining in the country. In recommending policy directives to improve the river quality, six (6) institutions including the Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology(MEST), Minerals Commission of Ghana, Environmental Protection Agency, Forestry Commission and the water Resources Commission were identified with detailed recommended roles clearly spelt out for each institution.
Since the development of eGovernment systems is gaining worldwide momentum, the European Union is constantly increasing its efforts to induce the development of eGovernment systems in its member states. The currently running strategy is the ’eGovernment Action Plan 2016-2020’, which understands itself as a catalyst for developments in the member states.
Despite these ongoing efforts by the European Union regarding eGovernment, stud- ies are repeatedly revealing that the quality and acceptance by the citizens of dig- ital public services are varying heavily within the EU. Being based on the same political guidelines provided by the EU, the national strategies implemented the core principles to different degrees. These different implementation rates, analyzed for Germany, the United Kingdom and Estonia, supplement the holistic analysis of the eGovernment policies, applications and usage in each member state. This gets proven by the connection of this indicator with related studies in the field of eGov- ernment applications and usage within the European Union.
The aim of this thesis is, on the one hand, to quantify differences in the implementa- tion of the ’eGovernment Action Plan 2016-2020’ into national policies in Germany, the UK and Estonia and, on the other hand, establish this indicator as a valuable asset for evaluating and monitoring the eGovernment efforts by the EU member states.
Blogging has established itself as an important and influential part of the
modern online media. At the dawn of the blogosphere people were publishing
their diaries and life journals. Nowadays, some bloggers operate blogs that are
hardly any different from online newspapers and magazines. On the one hand
professional blogging is broadly accepted in the society, but on the other hand
it is poorly understood. The purpose of this explorative study is to broaden
the understanding of blogging as a professional activity. In particular, this
study explores the aspects of professional blogging and the interplay between
credibility, authenticity and monetisation in blogs.
To understand blogging as a professional activity an extensive literature
research is conducted. First, main concepts of blogging as a social activity
are discussed. Then, the changes that come together with the transformation
of a social activity into a professional activity of blogging are discussed. To
look at the activity of blogging from an unusual perspective, a comprehensive
qualitative survey is conducted with blog readers. The survey examines
not only readers’ perception of blogging as a professional activity, but also
motivations for reading blogs and attitude to monetising practices and labelling
of monetised content in blogs. Information received from the survey is used to
draw some conclusions about the state of the art of blogging as a professional
activity, and challenges and opportunities blogging industry faces nowadays.
Die Analyse von Log-Dateien als Spezialfall des Text Mining dient in der Regel dazu Laufzeitfehler oder Angriffe auf ein Systems nachzuvollziehen. Gegen erkannte Fehlerzustände können Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, um diese zu vermeiden. Muster in semi-strukturierten Log-Dateien aus dynamischen Umgebungen zu erkennen ist komplex und erfordert einen mehrstufigen Prozess. Zur Analyse werden die Log-Dateien in einen strukturierten Event-Log (event log) überführt. Diese Arbeit bietet dem Anwender ein Werkzeug, um häufige (frequent) oder seltene (rare) Ereignisse (events), sowie temporale Muster (temporal patterns) in den Daten zu erkennen. Dazu werden verschiedene Techniken des Data-Minig miteinander verbunden. Zentrales Element ist dieser Arbeit das Clustering. Es wird untersucht, ob durch Neuronale Netze mittels unüberwachtem Lernen (Autoencoder) geeignete Repräsentationen (embeddings) von Ereignissen erstellt werden können, um syntaktisch und semantisch ähnliche Instanzen zusammenzufassen. Dies dient zur Klassifikation von Ereignissen, Erkennung von Ausreißern (outlier detection), sowie zur Inferenz einer nachvollziehbaren visuellen Repräsentation (Regular Expressions; Pattern Expressions). Um verborgene Muster in den Daten zu finden werden diese mittels sequenzieller Mustererkennung (Sequential Pattern Mining) und dem auffinden von Episoden (Episode Mining) in einem zweiten Analyseschritt untersucht. Durch das Pattern Mining können alle enthaltenen Muster im einem Event-Log gefunden werden. Der enorme Suchraum erfordert effiziente Algorithmen, um in angemessener Zeit Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Das Clustering dient daher ebenfalls zur Reduktion (pruning) des Suchraums für das Pattern Mining. Um die Menge der Ergebnisse einzuschränken werden verschiedene Strategien auf ihre praktische Tauglichkeit hin untersucht, um neue Erkenntnisse zu erlangen. Zum einen die Mustererkennung mittels verschiedener Kriterien (Constrained Pattern Mining) und zum anderen durch die Nützlichkeit (High Utility Pattern Mining) von Mustern. Interessante temporale Muster können auf anderen Log-Dateien angewendet werden, um diese auf das Vorkommen dieser Muster zu untersuchen.
Objectives FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) is an emerging Stan¬dard for improving interoperability in the domain of health care. Besides offering features for achieving syntactical, semantical and organizational interoperability, it also specifies a RESTful API for searching purposes. The main objective of the following thesis revolves around investigating open challenges and limitations of the so-called FHIR Search Framework.
Methods A variety of operations for searching in FHIR resources, including all search interactions, definitions of search parameters, search parameter types and advanced search concepts are described. Over the course of the thesis, a quality model based on ISO 25010 is established. It serves as the foundation for determining if the FHIR Search Framework is well-suited to cover the Information needs of its users. An analysis of completeness involving the measures defined in the quality model forms the main contribution. The primary discussion of the research questions is concluded by proposing a graph model for determining reachability between FHIR resources, essentially mirroring the chaining and reverse chaining functionality. Using well-known classes for expressiveness in graphs, the thesis assess to which degree a graph search can be formulated with the currently defined capabilities.
Results From a functional perspective the FHIR Search Framework can be considered well-suited. Practical limitations should be minimal, grounded on the fact that extensive coverage of the lowest expressiveness classes, RPQs and 2RPQs, can be achieved. Severe gaps where identified only in the support of C(2)RPQs and Data Path Queries. Additionally, ideas for improving non-functional aspects are introduced to support developers in learning the Standard and testing their implementations.
Conclusion The evaluation of the FHIR Search Framework showed promising re¬sults in terms of functional completeness. Yet, the Standard is still evolving, and certain parts of the Search API are neither well-known nor implemented widely. A discussion is to be held if the specification should cover more sophisticated aspects that result from the gaps which were identified.
Observational studies and clinical trials have become increasingly important over recent years and play an essential role in advancing medical knowledge. In today’s world of clinical research, it is not possible to imagine trials without the founda-tion of a well-established it-infrastructure. Electronic capture and usage of data is pervasive.
In practice, medical progress requires the ability to integrate data from different systems. An essential factor in enabling different actors, such as institutions and hospitals, to have their systems exchange structured data and make use of the information is the interoperability of the data and systems.
FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperable Resources) is a free and easily customizable HL7 platform standard, based on 30 years of experience of HL7. It is focused on providing health-related information and defines a set of capabilities used in the health care process.
This thesis will provide a conceptual approach for working with FHIR, as well as concrete approaches for working with FHIR profiles and for customizing the standard for particular use cases. It will be carried out in cooperation with the Medical Systems R&D, which is a service provider within the University Hospital of Cologne.
The guiding request approach will focus on the evaluation of requirements for clini-cal trials and how clinical research protocols can be represented in an interoperable and machine-parsable format using FHIR.
Zijad Naddaf fragt danach, wie sich Grenzen und die darin eingelagerte Erzählung von Flucht und Migration durch Praktiken und Diskurse formieren. Vor dem Hintergrund der Flüchtlingszuwanderung und mit Bezug auf Foucault werden Gesamtstrategien der Europäischen Union zur ‚Verteidigung ihrer Gesellschaft‘ diskutiert, unter anderem am Beispiel der Grenzbearbeitungsagentur Frontex konkretisiert sowie das Konstrukt der Europäischen Union als Ordnung herstellendes Dispositiv vorgestellt. Mit Bezug auf solche Formierungen werden die Wege der Fliehenden zu einem Kampffeld, in dem sich sowohl die Autonomie von Migration als auch die beständigen und repressiven Weg- und Raummarkierungen zeigen, die sich bis auf das Meer ausdehnen.
Desarrollo de Competencias para la Sustentabilidad, a través del Aprendizaje Basado en Escenarios
(2018)
La sustentabilidad, planteada como concepto y solución estratégica frente a la crisis contemporánea, supone diversos retos para la humanidad entre los que se encuentra la formación de individuos capaces de afrontar la complejidad de la problemática ambiental, así como de visualizar y desarrollar una sociedad libre, justa y en equilibrio.
Con el propósito de coadyuvar a dicho cambio, el presente trabajo se propuso investigar la contribución del Aprendizaje Basado en Escenarios al desarrollo de competencias para la sustentabilidad, tanto desde el punto de vista conceptual como práctico, diseñando un recurso educativo y realizando una prueba piloto en estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Los objetivos específicos fueron: (1) Identificar, seleccionar y formular el análisis sistémico de dos casos, uno en México y otro en Alemania, para mostrar la complejidad de la relación entre dimensiones de la sustentabilidad y los desafíos a los que se enfrentan los actores en la gestión de esta y, (2) Diseñar y probar un recurso educativo en torno a su contribución al desarrollo de las competencias de pensamiento crítico y pensamiento sistémico.
La prueba piloto del recurso educativo se realizó con un grupo multidisciplinario, integrando estudiantes de las licenciaturas: Ciencias de la Comunicación, Ciencias Ambientales y Salud, Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Psicología y Psicopedagogía.
Con base en entrevistas de valoración se llegó a la conclusión de que el aprendizaje basado en escenarios si permitió contribuir al desarrollo de competencias para la sustentabilidad. Los dos casos seleccionados: Río Rin y Río Verde resultaron eficaces al evidenciar la complejidad, así mismo, advirtieron los desafíos que resultan de la gestión de la sustentabilidad de ambos, mostrándose análogos. Por último, cabe mencionar que el desarrollo de la competencia interpersonal (diálogo y colaboración principalmente) que no estaba dentro de los objetivos de la tesis, se evidenció a partir de las entrevistas la valoración.