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Konzeption einer flexiblen Systemarchitektur zur dynamischen Konfiguration hybrider Lernräume
(2021)
In dieser Arbeit wird eine dynamische Systemarchitektur für die Schaffung hybrider Ökosysteme konzipiert, welche eine flexible und kontextgerechte Konfiguration hybrider Lernräume ermöglichen. Aufgrund der variierenden Definitionen hybrider Lehre und Lernräume sowie der schwachen Abgrenzung zu verwandten Begriffen findet hierfür zunächst eine Konkretisierung eigener Arbeitsdefinitionen statt. Aufbauend auf diesen Begriffsbestimmungen und ausführlichen Literaturrecherchen, werden anschließend sich interdisziplinär überschneidende Kernelemente hybrider Lehre und Lernräume identifiziert sowie in einem Übersichtsmodell zusammengefasst. Durch die Literaturrecherche ersichtliche Charakteristiken des hybriden Paradigmas werden ebenso in
Beziehung gesetzt und zusammenfassend aufgeführt. Auf Basis dieser Übersichten und unter Berücksichtigung weiterer Forschungsergebnisse wird nachfolgend ein Vorgehensmodell kreiert, welches kontextgerechte Designs hybrider Systeme strukturiert ermöglicht. Neben didaktischen, physischen und digitalen Komponenten werden dafür diverse Typen von Lernaktivitäten identifiziert, welche als Ausgangspunkt eine effiziente und praxisorientierte Planung ermöglichen.
Alle erstellten Modelle bilden abschließend die Grundlage der konzipierten Systemarchitektur, in welcher die hybriden Kernkonzepte aus einer technischen Perspektive beleuchtet werden. Das hierdurch repräsentierte Microservice-Websystem beinhaltet neben notwendigen Basis-Services vor allem einen dynamischen Plugin-Mechanismus, welcher die flexible Integration neuer Bestandteile ermöglicht. So kann der Funktionsumfang auf sich wandelnde Anforderungen der Nutzer angepasst werden und die Anwendung mit der Zeit zu einem umfassenden Ökosystem heranwachsen.
»Fit for Invest« Das Magazin
(2021)
In child–robot interaction (cHRI) research, many studies pursue the goal to develop interactive systems that can be applied in everyday settings. For early education, increasingly, the setting of a kindergarten is targeted. However, when cHRI and research are brought into a kindergarten, a range of ethical and related procedural aspects have to be considered and dealt with. While ethical models elaborated within other human–robot interaction settings, e.g., assisted living contexts, can provide some important indicators for relevant issues, we argue that it is important to start developing a systematic approach to identify and tackle those ethical issues which rise with cHRI in kindergarten settings on a more global level and address the impact of the technology from a macroperspective beyond the effects on the individual. Based on our experience in conducting studies with children in general and pedagogical considerations on the role of the institution of kindergarten in specific, in this paper, we enfold some relevant aspects that have barely been addressed in an explicit way in current cHRI research. Four areas are analyzed and key ethical issues are identified in each area: (1) the institutional setting of a kindergarten, (2) children as a vulnerable group, (3) the caregivers’ role, and (4) pedagogical concepts. With our considerations, we aim at (i) broadening the methodology of the current studies within the area of cHRI, (ii) revalidate it based on our comprehensive empirical experience with research in kindergarten settings, both laboratory and real-world contexts, and (iii) provide a framework for the development of a more systematic approach to address the ethical issues in cHRI research within kindergarten settings.
In the last decade, the utilization of waste by-product apple pomace has been extensively researched (due to its difficult disposal) and currently finds beneficial usage in various industries; as substrate for microbial growth or recovery of pectin, xyloglucan and polyphenols. In this research apple juice was produced at pilot scale. Furthermore, apple pomace was employed as substrate for the production of pectin, biofuel (pellets) and concentrated apple pomace extract. Extensive mass and heat balances were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of this approach on industrial scale. The produced pellets had very similar characteristics to wood pellets (net calorific value of 20.3 MJ/kg). Dried apple pomace contained 11.9% of pectin. Fed-batch cultivation of baker´s yeast with apple pomace extract demonstrated a potential for partial substitution of molasses in industrial bioprocesses. This concept shows how a zero discharge biorefinery process converts waste from apple juice production into three valuable products enabling connections between different industries.
The paper focused on an analytical analysis of the main features of heat transfer in incompressible steady-state flow in a microconfusor with account for the second-order slip boundary conditions. The second-order boundary conditions serve as a closure of a system of the continuity, transport, and energy differential equations. As a result, novel solutions were obtained for the velocity and temperature profiles, as well as for the friction coefficient and the Nusselt number. These solutions demonstrated that an increase in the Knudsen number leads to a decrease in the Nusselt number. It was shown that the account for the second-order terms in the boundary conditions noticeably affects the fluid flow characteristics and does not influence on the heat transfer characteristics. It was also revealed that flow slippage effects on heat transfer weaken with an increase in the Prandtl number.
High-quality rendering of spatial sound fields in real-time is becoming increasingly important with the steadily growing interest in virtual and augmented reality technologies. Typically, a spherical microphone array (SMA) is used to capture a spatial sound field. The captured sound field can be reproduced over headphones in real-time using binaural rendering, virtually placing a single listener in the sound field. Common methods for binaural rendering first spatially encode the sound field by transforming it to the spherical harmonics domain and then decode the sound field binaurally by combining it with head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). However, these rendering methods are computationally demanding, especially for high-order SMAs, and require implementing quite sophisticated real-time signal processing. This paper presents a computationally more efficient method for real-time binaural rendering of SMA signals by linear filtering. The proposed method allows representing any common rendering chain as a set of precomputed finite impulse response filters, which are then applied to the SMA signals in real-time using fast convolution to produce the binaural signals. Results of the technical evaluation show that the presented approach is equivalent to conventional rendering methods while being computationally less demanding and easier to implement using any real-time convolution system. However, the lower computational complexity goes along with lower flexibility. On the one hand, encoding and decoding are no longer decoupled, and on the other hand, sound field transformations in the SH domain can no longer be performed. Consequently, in the proposed method, a filter set must be precomputed and stored for each possible head orientation of the listener, leading to higher memory requirements than the conventional methods. As such, the approach is particularly well suited for efficient real-time binaural rendering of SMA signals in a fixed setup where usually a limited range of head orientations is sufficient, such as live concert streaming or VR teleconferencing.
We study p-adic L-functions Lp(s, 휒) for Dirichlet characters 휒. We show that Lp(s, 휒) has a Dirichlet series expansion for each regularization parameter c that is prime to p and the conductor of 휒. The expansion is proved by transforming a known formula for p-adic L-functions and by controlling the limiting behavior. A fnite number of Euler factors can be factored of in a natural manner from the p-adic Dirichlet series. We also provide an alternative proof of the expansion using p-adic measures and give an explicit formula for the values of the regularized Bernoulli distribution. The result is particularly simple for c = 2, where we obtain a Dirichlet series expansion that is similar to the complex case.
The publish or perish culture of scholarly communication results in quality and relevance to be are subordinate to quantity. Scientific events such as conferences play an important role in scholarly communication and knowledge exchange. Researchers in many fields, such as computer science, often need to search for events to publish their research results, establish connections for collaborations with other researchers and stay up to date with recent works. Researchers need to have a meta-research understanding of the quality of scientific events to publish in high-quality venues. However, there are many diverse and complex criteria to be explored for the evaluation of events. Thus, finding events with quality-related criteria becomes a time-consuming task for researchers and often results in an experience-based subjective evaluation. OpenResearch.org is a crowd-sourcing platform that provides features to explore previous and upcoming events of computer science, based on a knowledge graph. In this paper, we devise an ontology representing scientific events metadata. Furthermore, we introduce an analytical study of the evolution of Computer Science events leveraging the OpenResearch.org knowledge graph. We identify common characteristics of these events, formalize them, and combine them as a group of metrics. These metrics can be used by potential authors to identify high-quality events. On top of the improved ontology, we analyzed the metadata of renowned conferences in various computer science communities, such as VLDB, ISWC, ESWC, WIMS, and SEMANTiCS, in order to inspect their potential as event metrics.
This paper introduces a Business Cycle Indicator to compile a transparent and reliable chronology of past business cycle turning points for Germany. The Indicator is derived applying the statistical method of Principal Component Analysis, based on information from 20 economic time series. In this way, the Business Cycle Indicator grasps the development of the broader economic activity and has several advantages over a business cycle assessment based on quarterly series of Gross Domestic Product.
In Latin America and the Caribbean, river restoration projects are increasing, but many lack strategic planning and monitoring. We tested the applicability of a rapid visual social–ecological stream assessment method for restoration planning, complemented by a citizen survey on perceptions and uses of blue and green infrastructure. We applied the method at three urban streams in Jarabacoa (Dominican Republic) to identify and prioritize preferred areas for nature-based solutions. The method provides spatially explicit information for strategic river restoration planning, and its efficiency makes it suitable for use in data-poor contexts. It identifies well-preserved, moderately altered, and critically impaired areas regarding their hydromorphological and socio-cultural conditions, as well as demands on green and blue infrastructure. The transferability of the method can be improved by defining reference states for assessing the hydromorphology of tropical rivers, refining socio-cultural parameters to better address river services and widespread urban challenges, and balancing trade-offs between ecological and social restoration goals.
Kompetenzen auf dem Gebiet der Datenbanken gehören zum Pflichtbereich der Informatik. Das Angebot an Lehrbüchern, Vorlesungsformaten und Tools lässt sich jedoch für Lehrende oft nur eingeschränkt in die eigene Lehre integrieren. In diesem Aufsatz schildern wir unsere Erfahrungen in der Nutzung (frei) verfügbarer und der Entwicklung eigener digitaler Inhalte für grundlegende Datenbankveranstaltungen. Die Präferenzen der Studierenden werden mittels Nutzungsanalysen und Befragungen ermittelt. Wir stellen die Anforderungen auf, wie die nicht selten aufwendig herzustellenden digitalen Materialien von Lehrenden in ihre Lehr- und Lernumgebungen integriert werden können. Als konstruktive Antwort auf diese Herausforderung wird das Konzept EILD zur Entwicklung von Inhalten für die Lehre im Fach Datenbanken vorgestellt. Die Inhalte sollen in vielfältigen Lernszenarien eingesetzt werden können und mit einer Creative Commons (CC) Lizenzierung als OER (open educational resources) frei zur Verfügung stehen.
Ten female and five male participants (age range 28–50 years) were recruited at esoteric fairs or via esoteric chatrooms. In a guided face-to-face interview, they reported origins and contents of their beliefs in e.g. esoteric practices, supernatural beings, rebirthing, channeling. Transcripts of the tape-recorded reports were subjected to a qualitative analysis. Exhaustive categorization of the narratives’ content revealed that paranormal beliefs were functional with regard to two fundamental motives – striving for mastery and valuing me and mine (striving for a positive evaluation of the self). Moreover, paranormal beliefs paved the way for goal-setting and leading a meaningful life but, on the negative side, could also result in social exclusion. Results are discussed with reference to the adaptive value of paranormal beliefs.
Abstract
The paper represents an analysis of convective instability in a vertical cylindrical porous microchannel performed using the Galerkin method. The dependence of the critical Rayleigh number on the Darcy, Knudsen, and Prandtl numbers, as well as on the ratio of the thermal conductivities of the fluid and the wall, was obtained. It was shown that a decrease in permeability of the porous medium (in other words, increase in its porosity) causes an increase in flow stability. This effect is substantially nonlinear. Under the condition Da > 0.1, the effect of the porosity on the critical Rayleigh number practically vanishes. Strengthening of the slippage effects leads to an increase in the instability of the entire system. The slippage effect on the critical Rayleigh number is nonlinear. The level of nonlinearity depends on the Prandtl number. With an increase in the Prandtl number, the effect of slippage on the onset of convection weakens. With an increase in the ratio of the thermal conductivities of the fluid and the wall, the influence of the Prandtl number decreases. At high values of the Prandtl numbers (Pr > 10), its influence practically vanishes.
This paper presents the cognitive module of the Cognitive Architecture for Artificial Intelligence (CAAI) in cyber-physical production systems (CPPS). The goal of this architecture is to reduce the implementation effort of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in CPPS. Declarative user goals and the provided algorithm-knowledge base allow the dynamic pipeline orchestration and configuration. A big data platform (BDP) instantiates the pipelines and monitors the CPPS performance for further evaluation through the cognitive module. Thus, the cognitive module is able to select feasible and robust configurations for process pipelines in varying use cases. Furthermore, it automatically adapts the models and algorithms based on model quality and resource consumption. The cognitive module also instantiates additional pipelines to evaluate algorithms from different classes on test functions. CAAI relies on well-defined interfaces to enable the integration of additional modules and reduce implementation effort. Finally, an implementation based on Docker, Kubernetes, and Kafka for the virtualization and orchestration of the individual modules and as messaging technology for module communication is used to evaluate a real-world use case.
In recent years, three sovereign catastrophe risk pools have developed worldwide, offering climate insurance against natural disasters in emerging and developing economies:
• Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility (CCRIF) in the Caribbean
• African Risk Capacity (ARC) in Africa
• Pacific Catastrophe Risk Insurance Company (PCRIC) in the Pacific region
These pools have emerged against the backdrop of limited fiscal room for manoeuvre in emerging and developing economies. Increases in tax revenues or capital allocations are scarcely possible in these economies. Moreover, debt on the capital market often ends in debt relief, and this can jeopardise refinancing. Ultimately, the only measure remaining is to provide donations and aid that can be made available by the G7 countries, the World Bank or the World Health Organization, among others.
Today, IT infrastructure represents the central nervous system of every company. Many of the activities of our daily lives are handled via the Internet. There is a lack of an adequately sustainable awareness of the cyber risks to which companies are exposed due to advanced digital networking. This is partly due to the fact that the danger of so-called ‘cyber attacks’ is only partially palpable to many, with attacks going unnoticed in some cases. As a result of major incidents, such as WannaCry and Petya in 2017, or Emotet in 2019, awareness of these risks should be keen, and yet vulnerability remains high due to the often insufficient protections against cyber crime.
AbstractThis paper discusses the comparison of two methods to achieve thermal comfort utilising air conditioning (AC) system in a small indoor space – adaptive control and fuzzy control. Thermal comfort indoors is performed to provide comfortability individually or for a group of people. Due to the small indoor space which usually a bit cramped, crowded and less airy, the ambience can be very uncomfortable either for doing sedentary or active work, thus the AC system can be very useful to provide thermal comfort. Both methods can be utilised depending on how thermal comfort is viewed and how the level of thermal comfort is decided. Every method has its own advantage and limitations, and will be covered in this paper as well.
Abstract
Due to their pronounced bioactivity and limited availability from natural resources, metabolites of the soft coral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae, such as erogorgiaene and the pseudopterosines, represent important target molecules for chemical synthesis. We have now developed a particularly short and efficient route towards these marine diterpenes exploiting an operationally convenient enantioselective cobalt‐catalyzed hydrovinylation as the chirogenic step. Other noteworthy C−C bond forming transformations include diastereoselective Lewis acid‐mediated cyclizations, a Suzuki coupling and a carbonyl ene reaction. Starting from 4‐methyl‐styrene the anti‐tubercular agent (+)‐erogorgiaene (>98 % ee) was prepared in only 7 steps with 46 % overall yield. In addition, the synthesis of the pseudopterosin A aglycone was achieved in 12 steps with 30 % overall yield and, surprisingly, was found to exhibit a similar anti‐inflammatory activity (inhibition of LPS‐induced NF‐κB activation) as a natural mixture of pseudopterosins A−D or iso‐pseudopterosin A, prepared by β‐D‐xylosylation of the synthetic aglycone.
Abstract
In the chemical industry large amounts of saline wastewater occur. Its disposal into rivers is a considerable burden to the ecosystem. To strive for a circular economy and enable a viable raw material recycling, energy‐efficient concentration processes are requisite. High‐pressure reverse osmosis meets this criterion, but its industrial application demands suitable membrane elements that withstand the exceptional operation conditions and provide sufficient performance. Hence, new requirements regarding the design of spiral‐wound elements arise. To identify those, specific performance‐limiting effects need a better understanding.
Different methods have been proposed for in situ root-length density (RLD) measurement. One widely employed is the time-consuming sampling of soil cores or monoliths (MO). The profile wall (PW) method is a less precise, but faster and less laborious alternative. However, depth-differentiated functions to convert PW RLD estimates to MO RLD measurements have not yet been reported. In this study, we perform a regression analysis to relate PW results to MO results and determine whether calibration is possible for distinct crop groups (grasses, brassicas and legumes) consisting of pure and mixed stands, and whether soil depth affects this calibration. The methods were applied over two years to all crop groups and their absolute and cumulative RLD were compared using a linear (LR) and multiple linear (MLR) regression. PW RLD was found to highly underestimate MO RLD in absolute values and in highly rooted areas. However, a close agreement between both methods was found for cumulative root-length (RL) when applying MLR, highlighting the influence of soil depth. The level of agreement between methods varied strongly with depth. Therefore, the application of PW as the main RLD estimation method can provide reliable estimates of cumulative root distribution traits of cover crops.