Refine
Document Type
- Article (2)
- Bachelor Thesis (1)
- Master's Thesis (1)
Has Fulltext
- yes (4)
Keywords
- Geoinformationssystem (4) (remove)
Emergency management services, such as firefighting, rescue teams and ambulances,are all heavily reliant on road networks. However, even for highly industrialised countries such asGermany, and even for large cities, spatial planning tools are lacking for road network interruptionsof emergency services. Moreover, dependencies of emergency management expand not only onroads but on many other systemic interrelations, such as blockages of bridges. The first challenge thispaper addresses is the development of a novel assessment that captures systemic interrelations ofcritical services and their dependencies explicitly designed to the needs of the emergency services.This aligns with a second challenge: capturing system nodes and areas around road networksand their geographical interrelation. System nodes, road links and city areas are integrated into aspatial grid of tessellated hexagons (also referred to as tiles) with geographical information systems.The hexagonal grid is designed to provide a simple map visualisation for emergency planners andfire brigades. Travel time planning is then optimised for accessing city areas in need by weighingimpaired areas of past events based on operational incidents. The model is developed and testedwith official incident data for the city of Cologne, Germany, and will help emergency managers tobetter device planning of resources based on this novel identification method of critical areas.
Mangrove forests have been studied broadly in the recent three decades for their outstanding ability to sequester carbon in the beneath soil and other beneficial ecosystem services. Endeavors to conserve and regenerate mangrove cover are still increasing worldwide as a mechanism to include them in NDCs and carbon markets. Therefore, decision-makers in the private and public sectors require identify possible areas for conservation and restoration prior to blue carbon project investment. Thus, an integral assessment of potential mangrove carbon reservoirs in a landscape scale, considering environmental and socioeconomic factors was performed. This study was aimed to determine areas with the highest blue carbon sequestration potential in the Gulf of Guayaquil through the construction of a Blue Carbon Potential Index (BCPI) based on Spatial Multicriteria Analysis (SMCA). A narrative integrative literature review was employed to select indicators of mangrove carbon sequestration gains and losses. These indicators were pondered following the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the judgments of two experts and reclassified in four potential categories based on their thresholds. Since no consensus was achieved in the indicator importance hierarchization, a comparative of equal weighting method and AHP weighting was implemented. The linear combination rule was used to integrate these factors into a unique-scaled index supported by a geographic Information System (GIS). The results showed that 15.82% and 16.21% of the study area belonged to high and moderate potential of blue carbon sequestration respectively. Moreover, no significant differences were found between the two weighting methods applied. The BCPI provides a comprehensive understanding of spatial distribution of blue carbon potential reservoirs and grants a quantification of this potential to prioritize conservation and restoration areas.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird mit dem Geoinformationssystem ArcGIS Pro auf Basis eines digitalen Geländemodells mit einer Gitterweite von einem Meter eine Topographische Gefährdungsanalyse durchge-führt. Damit werden die Auswirkungen von Starkregenereignissen auf die Gefahrenabwehr abgeschätzt. Diese wird für das gesamte Gebiet des Rhein-Sieg-Kreises in Nordrhein-Westfahlen durchgeführt. Die in dieser Analyse betrachteten Organisationen der Gefahrenabwehr sind Feuerwehren, Rettungsdienst und die Ortsverbände des THW im Kreisgebiet. Für die genannten Organisationen werden zunächst die Standorte sowie die dort stationierten Einheiten bzw. Fahrzeuge ermittelt und im Anschluss kartiert.
Mittels der Topographischen Gefährdungsanalyse werden ausschließlich anhand der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit Geländesenken und oberflächige Fließwege errechnet. Diese werden nach Prüfung und Bearbeitung zur Ermittlung der potentiellen objektbezogenen Gefährdungen der Liegenschaften der Organisationen sowie der Straßeninfrastruktur genutzt. Das für die Berechnung genutzte Untersuchungsgebiet erstreckt sich dabei in einigen Bereichen über die Verwaltungsgrenzen des Rhein-Sieg-Kreises hinaus, um die Grenzen der Wassereinzugsgebiete zu berücksichtigen.
Am Ende der Analyse werden aus den Ergebnissen beispielhaft Karten für die Organisationen der Gefahrenabwehr erstellt, um die Gefährdungen in einer übersichtlichen Form zu visualisieren und die Informationen nutzbar zu machen. Diese werden sowohl an die Art von seismischen Mikrozonierungskarten angelehnt als auch an bestehende Karten, wie sie z.B. bei den Feuerwehren genutzt werden, angepasst.
Aus der Bewertung der Standorte der Organisationen anhand der ermittelten Senken ergibt sich eine hohe Anzahl von etwa zwei Dritteln der Liegenschaften, welche durch Starkregenereignisse verursachte Überflutungen gefährdet sind. Daraus lässt sich ein Bedarf weiterer Untersuchungen ableiten. Auf Basis von Starkregengefahrenkarten, die auf komplexeren Berechnungsmodellen beruhen sowie Einzelfallbetrachtungen sollten diese Gefährdungen bestätigt oder widerlegt werden.
New risk geographies are emerging with war and conflict resurfacing, including nuclear threats. This poses challenges to civil protection for conducting risk-informed preparedness planning. A spatial assessment of Germany and Europe is conducted using a geographic information system. Buffer circles of nuclear explosion effects and fallout buffers show potentially exposed areas around major cities. Different scenarios indicate shrinking areas safe from exposure. However, even in a densely populated country, rural areas and smaller cities can be identified that could provide sites for evacuation shelters. Changing wind directions poses a challenge for civil protection planning because fallout risk covers most German territory even when few cities are attacked. However, wind speeds and topography can help identify suitable shelter areas. More knowledge about the temporal development of a nuclear explosion and its specific forms of harm can also help to improve risk knowledge and planning. While nuclear warfare at first seems to render useless any option for safe areas and survival, the spatial risk assessment shows that exposure does not occur at all places at all times. Being safe from harm will be difficult in such a worst-case scenario, but avoiding large city perimeters and being informed can also help reduce risk.