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Aufgrund ihrer aktuellen Bedeutung im Zusammenhang des Internet of Things werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit Time Series Databases und Event Stores miteinander vergli-chen. Ziel ist, die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der beiden Arten von Datenbank Management Systemen herauszustellen.
Der erste, theoretische Teil des Vergleichs erfolgt anhand der funktionalen Kriterien Speichersystem, Performance und Funktionen sowie der nicht-funktionalen Kriterien Usability und Support. Im zweiten Teil des Vergleichs wird anhand eines konkreten An-wendungsfalls untersucht, ob sich Time Series Databases und Event Stores gleicher-maßen für die Speicherung und in einem zweiten Schritt für die Abfrage von Zeitreihen-daten eignen.
Zumal der theoretische Vergleich Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Time Series Data-bases und Event Stores in Bezug auf die betrachteten Kriterien erkennen lässt, wird für den praktischen Vergleich unter Berücksichtigung der im konkreten Anwendungsfall gegebenen Anforderungen nur die am besten geeignetste Time Series Database (In-fluxDB) und der am besten geeignetste Event Store (Event Store) ausgewählt. Der prak-tische Vergleich zeigt, dass die Zeitreihendaten im konkreten Anwendungsfall zwar in beiden Arten von Datenbank Management Systemen gespeichert werden können, die Nutzung der auf Zeitreihendaten spezialisierten Time Series Database InfluxDB jedoch offensichtliche Vorteile gegenüber dem Event Store aufweist.
The southeast of Córdoba province used to be originally covered by hundreds of wetlands that got heavily modified or drained in the last few decades. Since wetlands provide various important ecosystem services (ESS) for human well-being, their degradation created several problems in La Picasa basin, among which floods are the most obvious one. The wise use of wetlands is increasingly acknowledged to be part of nature-based solution approaches reducing disaster risk. However, in the study area these approaches remain a relatively new concept to decision makers and the lack of knowledge on their effectiveness and implementation process poses a serious barrier to their adoption.
To overcome this obstacle, this dissertation applies an ESS perspective on the current problems of La Picasa basin and sets it in a context of socio-ecological system (SES) theory. A comprehensive analysis of (1) the role wetlands have played in the historic development of the SES, (2) important stakeholder dynamics that create opportunities or restrictions for the conservation of wetlands and (3) possible management approaches to inverse negative ESS trade-offs and feedback loops, was performed.
Results demonstrate that the current problems of floods have both natural and anthropogenic causes. In this regard, wetlands hold a vital role in the complex historic interactions between the social and ecological drivers of changes in the water balance. Although a social network between stakeholders exists, several conflicts prevent a proper functioning of a basin-wide integrated management concept based on wetland restoration. Nature-based solution approaches, putting wetlands in the center of attention of future management strategies, were found to hold a high potential to reduce the risk of floods and, as a side-effect boost biodiversity and habitat quality in the study area.
While global food production greatly exceeds dietary energy demand, undernutrition remains, and diets largely fail to ensure the health of the population. Agricultural biodiversity is crucial for the world’s food security, but genetic diversity has been degraded. In Mexico, the dietary transition towards processed foods has contributed to malnutrition and a rise of diet-related chronic diseases. Mexico’s indigenous people are conserving and creating valuable plant genetic resources in their swidden milpas and traditional agroforestry systems but remain the country’s most vulnerable population group. The Teenek (or Huastec), an indigenous group that habitat the Huasteca Potosina, a region in north-eastern Mexico cultivate a high diversity of edible plants in their home gardens (solar), milpas, and agroforestry systems (te’lom, or finca). However, migration has been leading to the abandonment of traditional farming in the region.
The objective of this study was to analyse if the managed agricultural biodiversity of the different traditional land use systems contributes to the food security of the farming households in the community of Jol Mom. Food availability and access were investigated. In total, 40 households were surveyed. Dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis. Informal interviews, semi-structured interviews and participant observation allowed to account for the people’s own perceptions and provided additional insights. Findings showed that traditional Teenek farming systems are the source of a variety of nutritious foods and resulted to be the most important provider of fruits and vegetables. The average production diversity was 34 out of 56 crops, farmers cultivating more than one or two farming systems showed an increase of four and 11 produced species respectively. Production diversity was strongly correlated with food variety in a household’s diet, with an increment of one per 0.85 produced crop. Two main diverging dietary patterns were revealed, a westernized diet relying largely on purchased foods, to which the younger generation was more inclined, and a traditional diet characterized by a high consumption of cultivated products, mostly observed in the older households.
In conclusion, farming households in Jol Mom profit from the agricultural diversity of their production systems, either through the consumption of nutritious foods or by the sale of agricultural products. However, a tendency towards nutrient-poor diets was observed. Increasing agricultural diversity and consumption of locally produced foods might help to fight this trend but would require a valorisation of traditional foods and an appreciation of the contribution of indigenous people’s traditional agriculture to food security.
Durch das permanente Wachstum der Weltbevölkerung wird der Bedarf von Textilien stetig steigen. Die Produktvielfalt sowie der Konsum der Textilien werden immer größer. Die aktuellen Recyclingtechniken ermöglichen es nicht, den Rohstoffkreislauf für Textilien zu schließen. Dies liegt auch darin begründet, dass derzeit große Mengen der Textilien aus Mischgeweben zwischen Baumwolle und PET bestehen. Die Trennung dieser Komponenten ist jedoch eine Grundvoraussetzung für die Entwicklung eines geschlossenen Rohstoffkreislaufs und stellt gleichzeitig eine große Herausforderung für das Recycling dar. Durch chemische Recyclingverfahren können die Rohstoffe getrennt, aufbereitet und in die Textilproduktion zurückgeführt werden. In dieser Arbeit wird aufgezeigt, wie ein chemischer Recyclingprozess, der einen geschlossenen Rohstoffkreislauf erlaubt, technisch realisiert werden kann. Der Prozess erzeugt eine PET-Fraktion und eine Celluloselösung, die in weiteren Verarbeitungsschritten zu einer Regeneratfaser versponnen wird. In dieser frühen Projektphase werden in dieser Arbeit ebenfalls die Investitionsausgaben und die Herstellungskosten für das Verfahren abgeschätzt.
In dieser Arbeit wird die Frage nach der Zusammensetzung einer aus konservatorischer Sicht unbedenklichen Stempelfarbe untersucht. Es konnten vier Kategorien von Stempelfarben ermittelt werden: die leinölhaltigen, die mineralölhaltigen, die glykol-/glycerolhaltigen und die harzhaltigen. Neun Stempelfarben aus diesen vier Kategorien wurden in einer umfangreichen Testreihe auf ihre Licht- und Klimabeständigkeit, ihre Löse- und Bleichmittelfestigkeit, ihre Wischfestigkeit und ihr Durchschlagvermögen überprüft. Drei rein pigmenthaltige Stempelfarben haben diese Tests bestanden. Von diesen hatte nur die leinölhaltige Stempelfarbe eine gute Dokumentenechtheit. Zudem werden im letzten Kapitel Möglichkeiten zur Entfernung von Stempelfarben auf Papier vorgestellt.
Soils are complex, evolving systems that simultaneously shape and are shaped by numerous biotic and abiotic factors in a vast web of interactions that creates the conditions for the propagation of life and the maintenance of human societies. Yet, land use and land use change (LULUC) and anthropogenic climate change (CC) are forcing substantial and rapid alterations into soil’s properties and processes, thus affecting the functions and services derived from it. The resulting land degradation (LD) is now spread, according to recent estimates, over nearly 30 % of the world’s total land, mostly on the population dense and impoverished tropics, a zone predicted to withstand the worst impacts of CC. The Atlantic Forest in Brazil is a particularly vulnerable environment, and the unusual drought of 2014-2017 that hit its Southeastern region is likely the harbinger of a progressively drier future.
The way the prelude of what might be an increasingly frequent hazard affected farmers’ livelihoods and natural resources, and the manner in which they reacted to those impacts can thus reveal points of strength and fragility that could be respectively harnessed or addressed to develop a more sustainable agriculture and climate resilience. This master thesis focused on characterizing those impacts and reactions on distinct dairy production systems in two municipalities in Northwestern Rio de Janeiro: Santo Antônio de Pádua and Cambuci. Through interviews and in loci observations, the researcher collected data concerning environmental services (erosion prevention, soil cover and water provision), production variables (inputs and outputs), socio-economic information, farm system management and farmers’ future perspectives. The results show that dairy production systems in the region are heterogeneous and, although they may share common characteristics, drought outcomes were closely tied to the specificities of each farm. Ultimately, outcomes originated from differences in water supply, water demand, and feed availability, their subsequent change by the drought and farmers’ reaction to those changes at each property.
This project is focused on the generation of hardware independent code for PLCs and the comparison for energy consumption patterns of hydraulic and electric drive unit. This works is dedicated to MLC (mould level control) in a continuous casting machine, which is used to cast steel slabs continuously. The code generation is done with the help of the PLC coder which is present in the software Simulink. The programming is done entirely in MATLAB. The application of the generated code is tested on the Siemens S7-1500 PLC. For executing the code and the development of the HMI (human machine
interface) Siemens software TIA Portal V15 has been used. Moreover, for further analysis of signals and testing the code, a PDA or process data acquisition system, IBA system is used. For energy analysis also the IBA system is used.
In dieser Arbeit wurde eine Machbarkeitsstudie zur Speicherung von Wasserstoff in Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) anhand eines gewählten Stoffsystems, Dibenzyltoluen, durchgeführt. Die Arbeit umfasst Bilanzierungen und Auslegungen für eine reversible Hydrierung und Dehydrierung in zwei getrennten Anlagen. Eine class 4-Kostenschätzung bildet die Grundlage für eine Wirtschaftlichkeitsberechnung. So konnten die Technologieziele hinsichtlich der Speicherfähigkeiten nicht realisiert werden. Dennoch zeigen die ermittelten Produktionskosten die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit dieses Ansatzes.
Kontakt: Fabian.Piehl@outlook.com
Bei Low-Code Entwicklungsplattformen handelt es sich um Lösungen zur Entwicklung und Bereitstellung von Software mit geringerem Anteil von Quelltext als in der Anwendungsentwicklung sonst erforderlich. Die Forschungsarbeit prüft, ob Low-Code Entwicklungsplattformen dazu geeignet sind, moderne webbasierte Geschäftsanwendungen umzusetzen. Dabei zeigt die Arbeit auf, wie Programmierparadigmen, Methoden der modellgetriebenen Softwareentwicklung (MDSD) und des Rappid Application Developments (RAD) als Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) Lösungen zur Anwendungsentwicklung durch Anbieter kombiniert werden. Aktuell offerierte Lösungen werden in einem Marktüberblick hinsichtlich ihrer Funktionalität und Anwendungszielgruppe eingeordnet.
Zur Klärung der Forschungsfrage werden gängige Anforderungen an eine Geschäftsanwendung gesammelt und deren Implementierung durch die prototypische Realisierung eines Anwendungsfalls mit der Low-Code Entwicklungsplattform Oracle Application Express (APEX) validiert. Auf dieser Basis zeigt die Arbeit den tatsächlich erforderlichen Quelltextanteil auf. Dabei werden jedoch auch funktionelle Einschränkungen sowie möglicheorganisatorische Risiken, z.B. durch Vendor Lock-In Effekte, dargestellt.
La Picasa basin, an interjurisdictional endorreic basin of 5282 km2 located in the “Central Pampa” in Argentina, has suffered repeated flooding caused by an increasing water level of La Picasa lagoon, affecting livelihoods, infrastructure, transportation and agriculture. Although water infrastructure has been built to regulate water excesses, it has not been effective in reducing the flood risk.
To improve the knowledge of the hydrological system, the master’s thesis aimed to develop a water balance model of La Picasa lagoon at a monthly time step between the hydrological years 2007/2008 and 2016/2017. Specifically, the objectives were to identify and quantify the most important components and processes determining its water level, area and volume and to propose hypothetical simulation scenarios based on different pumping operation schemes.
The description of the conceptual model and implementation of a sensitivity analysis allowed to identify the inflow and outflow components of the water balance and quantify their relative contributions, namely precipitation, water discharge from channels, surface runoff from surrounding sub-basins of the lagoon, evaporation and pumping. The performance tests applied to the model during the calibration and validation showed a very good performance. Additionally, two simulation scenarios were proposed, namely potential pumping and adjusted pumping, which reflected different trajectories of the water balance.
The master’s thesis concluded that precipitation and evaporation were the most determinant inflow and outflow components in the water balance of La Picasa lagoon respectively. However, the flooding event in 2016/2017 was caused by a simultaneous reduction of net evaporation and an increase in water discharge, surface runoff and intermittent pumping. The simulation scenarios suggested that an optimal operation of the pumping stations could have been effective to increase the storage capacity of the lagoon. However, during longer humid periods, it might not be enough to outweigh additional inflows.