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Water is an eminently important element for societal development. It must be available in sufficient quantity and quality to meet human requirements of consumption, food production and sanitation. The riverine ecosystems are increasingly deteriorated due to human interventions. This leads to changes in the natural flow patterns. The concept of environmental flow started to emerge. Due to the importance of environmental flow in the integrated river basin management, researchers and scientists worldwide have made great efforts towards assessing the environmental flow requirements in river ecosystems. Various tools and techniques were defined. Governmental authorities and water ministries (all over the world including Egypt) have introduced regulations and policies to assure the vitality of environmental flow in river management and water allocation too.
Although different methods are available for the environmental flow assessment, those techniques are not practically applied. Implementing the environmental flow in real world is a challenge, due to the lack of political will and the stakeholder support, the institutional barriers and conflicts of interest, and finally the insufficient resources and capacity in environmental management institutions. It is a multidisciplinary and intersectoral process.
The present study aims to report the importance of environmental flow regarding the inhabitants’ daily life as well as the overall Egyptian socio-economic, political and health status. It demonstrates the methods of applying the Environmental flow concept in Egypt with a focus on social and political aspects, detailing the current situation in Egypt, and clarifying the obstacles that face the implementation process. The data was collected via local people questionnaires, stakeholders’ interviews and field visits. The study proposes solutions to evade the environmental flow implementation obstacles and overcome current challenges. Moreover, the study predicts future issues and offers solutions to avoid their occurrence.
Die Entwicklung der Computergraphik und ihr Einsatz bei der digitalen Architekturrekonstruktion
(2018)
Die digitale 3D-Rekonstruktion von Architektur- und Archäologieobjekten ist eng mit der anwendung der Methoden und Systeme der Computer Graphik verknüpft. Dieser Artikel stellt solche Verbindungen seit den Anfängen der Computergraphik in den 1950er Jahren bis etwa zur Jahrtausendwende dar. Die Entwicklungen von Methoden zur Gewinnung von 3D-Daten, i.e. 3D-Scannverfahren und Photogrammetrie, werden ergänzend kurz betrachtet.
Die Lebensversicherer in Deutschland als institutionelle Investoren haben eine erhebliche Verantwortung für die Absicherung der Menschen im Alter. Aufgrund des anhaltenden schwierigen Zinsumfeldes stehen sie jedoch unter enormen Druck, ihre Leistungsversprechen langfristig einzuhalten zu können.
Der Gesetzgeber führte daher 2011 die Zinszusatzreserve (ZZR) ein, um im Rahmen der sinkenden Kapitalmarktzinsen eine moderate Form der Nachreservierung zu schaffen.
Als die ZZR eingeführt wurde, war allerdings nicht absehbar, dass sich das Niedrigzinsumfeld auf eine so lange Zeit erstrecken würde, wie es nun der Fall ist.
Die bisherige Systematik der ZZR führte in den letzten Jahren zu einem erheblichen Ausmaß und damit verbunden zu einer enormen Belastung für die Lebensversicherer. Bei einer Beibehaltung des Verfahrens könnte sich die ZZR nach Schätzungen der Assekurata Rating Agentur bis zum Jahr 2025 auf beachtliche 200 Milliarden Euro belaufen. Dies würde bedeuten, dass sich der Gesamtaufwand zur Dotierung der ZZR im Vergleich zum Geschäftsjahr 2017 noch verdreifachen würde.
Daher beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit einer Neukalibrierung der ZZR und einer damit verbundenen völlig neuen Berechnungsmethodik.
Die "Methode 2M", die von der Deutschen Aktuarvereinigung e. V. (DAV) entwickelt wurde, wird als möglicher Lösungsweg zur Entlastung der Lebensversicherer detailliert beschrieben und analysiert. Mithilfe aktuarieller Berechnungen werden dabei insbesondere die quantitativen Auswirkungen der Methode 2M im Hinblick auf verschiedene Zinsszenarien bis zum Jahr 2030 aufgezeigt und eine kritische Beurteilung vorgenommen, ob die neue Berechnungsmethodik den gewünschten Erfolg erzielt.
Amboseli-Tsavo Ecosystem is a unique landscape in Kenya’s semi-arid rangelands to the border of Tanzania. It is characterized by high abundances of wildlife which frequently disperses between three National Parks, namely Amboseli, Tsavo West and Chyulu Hills. Due to an increased population and a land-use change from prior nomadic pastoralism to sedentary farming activities, the land became highly fragmented and transformed into a human-dominated area. Increasingly wildlife migration routes are becoming blocked, leading to isolation of the National Parks and multiplied human-wildlife conflicts. The African elephant (Loxodonta africana) is sadly famous as the most common conflict animal causing damage to properties, cropland and injuring or killing livestock and, in the worst case, people. However, elephants are at the same time a flagship species and represent the backbone for tourism activities around Amboseli. Therefore, the elephant is both a very valuable and problematic asset in the area. Unfortunately, wildlife conservation practices over the last decades, favoring animals over humans, have led to a negative perception of wildlife among the population in the ecosystem which challenges appropriate conservation mechanisms.
To maintain the tourism attraction of viewing elephants and to minimise the conflicts between local communities and animals, migration routes should remain open. The concept of landscape connectivity ensures biodiversity conservation, particularly for far-distance migration animals such as elephants. The elephant was therefore chosen as a keystone species in this study on which the analysis is based.
Using a least-cost path analysis (LCP) in ArcGIS, “cheapest” travel routes of Loxodonta africana between the three National Parks were identified. Factors included were selected and weighted by information gathered in expert interviews. Satellite imagery were classified using ESA SNAP toolbox to obtain vegetation covers and waterbodies for two different seasons (dry and wet), aiming to illustrate the temporal variability of potential connectivity paths. Additionally, key informant interviews and interviews of Group Ranch members around Amboseli National Park were conducted to gather information regarding the current state of management in the ecosystem and perceptions about wildlife management. A subsequent SWOT Analysis on three optimum routes obtained through LCP, takes the social-political factors and information obtained into account to discuss the different options for their conflict solving potential.
On the one hand, recommendations resulting from this study identify possible elephant migration routes that should be maintained by using a participatory conservation approach to secure landscape connectivity in long-term. On the other hand, management recommendations include a design for improved relationships between Group Ranch members and the responsible governmental institutions by equally distributing benefits, implementing financial benefits and establishing a functioning and adequate compensation scheme. By ensuring peoples’ active participation in conservation and wildlife management, a more positive attitude towards wildlife might be induced, which will positively influence the wildlife conflict in long run.
Researchers are always looking for innovative ways to collect the environmental data and ease the process of data collection on the field. Advancement in sensor technologies and drones has led to easy technological access to design custom solutions even with basic electronics and technical knowledge. This paper documents, construction and working of “ITT Smart Sense”, which is a low power, easy to use and cost effective environment monitoring system using wireless sensor network that runs autonomously on battery power for an extended period of time. Along with that, a UAV based platform, titled “ITT Smart Sense Fly”, focused on environmental monitoring and scientific research and is tailored to the needs of researchers has been proposed in this paper. This platform is comprised of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)/Drone with a camera sensor, an autopilot mobile app for mission planning and other required Photogrammetry tools. The drone navigates over the area of interest based on a pre-programmed flight plan and captures a series of photographs using the on-board camera. The collected image data set is processed to create orthomosaics, high resolution maps and 3D point cloud. The proposed solutions were demonstrated with three distinct case studies.
Carbon Sequestration under different land uses and soils in the State of Quintana Roo, Mexico
(2017)
Rising in global temperature is evidently related to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) concentrations; this has become an environmental problem. The use of renewable energy, the development of eco-friendly merchandise and the enforcement of biomass management have been proposed to mitigate the issue. In the ecosphere, the pedosphere stores 1,500 to 2,500 PgC, which is four times more than the carbon stored in biomass; hence, it is very important to carry out soil carbon studies because of more long-term stability of such storage. In the study, soil carbon quantification was applied to the entire state of Quintana Roo, using a purpose oriented sampling, to observe the dynamic between land uses and soils, relating all relevant characteristics and properties of the landscape. To study the carbon content stored in soils, total carbon was estimated through loss-on-ignition, organic carbon by Walkley-Black method and inorganic carbon by calcium carbonate determination. The result portrays that the coastal dune vegetation-Arenosol (1,256 Mg C ha-1) is the combination with the highest soil carbon density, while Leptosol is the soil type with the highest storage capacity (852 MtC). Consequently, the soil carbon storage not only relates to soil properties but also associates with the surface area occupied by the specific soil type. In addition, the characteristics of the landscape play an important role in the storage of soil carbon. Due to that, soil carbon storage can be explained by biogeomorphoedaphic factors.
Ghana’s timber industries have traditionally focussed on certifying international demand (exports) to the detriment of domestic wood consumption. The legal wood supply to the domestic market has become insufficient to satisfy the growing needs of the local population. This research aims at gaining greater insight into the sources of wood supply to Ghana’s domestic wood markets focusing on the contribution of legal wood by the mainstream timber companies.
The study used random and purposive sampling techniques for selecting the respondents in the domestic wood market, wood producers as well as consumers. Additionally, the views of the respondents were sought through well semi-structured questionnaires. On the other hand, views from key informants, mostly experts, and regulators in Ghana’s wood industry were solicited through interviews.
The result indicates that the formal timber processors supply 73% of their processed lumber to the export market and 27% to the domestic market. The destination of the 27% is both the domestic market and other lumber demanded sectors especially large scale construction and furniture companies. The carving industry on other hand obtains wood directly from the farmers and not necessary from the domestic wood market. At the domestic timber market, dealers receive lumber supply from both formal (16. 7%) and informal (83.3%) sources.
The domestic wood sector provides livelihood support to both wood dealers, consumers as well as artisans. About 70% of respondents (wood dealers) used in the survey have no other source of livelihood for existence except wood business.
Owing to the immense contribution of the domestic wood market to the country’s economy and developmental agenda, a calls for policy review especially 20% supply of formal processed lumber to the domestic market is timely. Additionally, looking at the various interventions to curtail illegal chain saw and the continued market demand, the study believes more regulated measures will better help the nation to grasped huge revenue lost as a result of illegalities to embark on vigorous afforestation programs to sustain the domestic wood market.
This thesis is aimed for finding a solution for non-gaming application of Virtual Reality technology in data visualization and analysis. Starting by reconstructing the concept of Virtual Reality, the paper then describes the principles, concepts and techniques of designing a Virtual Reality application. In the last part of the thesis, a detailed description of how a prototype implemented is presented to provide a preview of how data visualization and analysis and Virtual Reality technology can be combined together in order to enable users to perceive and comprehend data in a possibly better way.
LA FERDINANDA (in der Mitte des Ozeans...), ein 1981 von Rebecca Horn
bemaltes Glasobjekt ist aufgrund seines Erhaltungszustandes nicht mehr
ausstellungsfähig. Aufbauend auf Untersuchungen zu künstlerischem Kontext,
verwendeten Materialien, Werkprozess und Erhaltungszustand wurde ein
Restaurierungskonzept entwickelt. Den Schwerpunkt der Arbeit stellt die
Konsolidierung des schwach gebundenen Farbauftrages auf dem Glasträger dar.
Hierfür wurden umfangreiche Versuchsreihen angelegt und bewertet. Die besten
Ergebnisse konnten mit einem Konsolidierungsmittel auf Basis des
siliciumorganischen ORMOCER-G in Mischung mit Paraloid B72 erzielt werden.
Die Applikation erfolgte mit einem Dosiergerät.
Mitarbeitermotivation in Start-Ups - Theoretischer Rahmen und praktische Handlungsempfehlungen
(2017)
Das vorliegende Paper fasst die Erkenntnisse zu Möglichkeiten der Mitarbeitermotivation in Start-Ups zusammen.
Es basiert auf der Bachelorarbeit von Herrn William Bork, die von Mai bis Juli 2017 von Prof. Dr. Monika Engelen betreut wurde. Neben einer Recherche der grundlegenden Theorie wurden die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse durch explorative Interviews mit Start-Ups ergänzt.
Der Kerninhalt dieses Papers ist sowohl das Verständnis für die Bedeutung von Arbeitsmotivation zu verdeutlichen als auch konkrete Ansätze zur positiven Beeinflussung der Arbeitsmotivation für Start-Ups aufzuzeigen.