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The 13th Annual Meeting of the Sponsoring Group Reinsurance was held 26 June 2020. Due to COVID-19, the event was held online this year. Some 80 representatives of the (re)insurance companies involved in the Sponsoring Group took part in the meeting, along with guests. Offered for the sixth time as part of the Annual Meeting, the Researchers’ Corner gave the seven academic researchers at the Cologne Research Centre for Reinsurance an opportunity to deliver a presentation on the research project each in which each is involved in 2020.
In three sessions – each featuring 2-3 parallel lectures with posters – the most important results of the scientific studies by the Cologne Research Centre for
Reinsurance were presented and discussed. The heterogeneity of the topics
presented by academic staff reflects the dovetailing of Cologne Research Centre with reinsurance practice.
Session 1
a) Manuel Dietmann (M.Sc.): Preventive recovery planning for insurance companies
b) Robert Joniec (M.Sc., FCII, cand. PhD): Capital is fungible, the market is
growing more efficient – But how valid are research results?
c) Jörg Dirks (M.Sc., FCII): Cyber risks in reinsurance – Insurable on a parametric basis through AI?
Session 2
a) Wolfgang Koch (M.Sc., FCII): Trend in sovereign cat pools in emerging and developing economies
b) Fabian Lassen (M.Sc., FCII): Environmental social governance – A look at reinsurers
Session 3
a) Fabian Pütz (M.Sc., PhD): Reinsurance aspects of product recalls in the automobile sector
b) Lihong Wang (M.Sc., FCII): China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) – Its impact
on the global (re)insurance industry
Poster session
a) Fabian Lassen (M.Sc., FCII): Private-public partnership – The solution for the insurability of pandemics?
b) Christian Serries (B.Sc.): Silent Cyber as a challenge for the (re-)
insurance industry
c) Frank Cremer (B.Sc. / FCII): Digital ecosystems – Relevance for reinsurance?
d) Harald Kurtze (B.Sc.): Sharing economy – Impacts for reinsurance?
With the publication series, ‘Proceedings of the Researchers’ Corner’, the Cologne Research Centre for Reinsurance meets the desire for publication of the research results of our scholars together with the accompanying posters and discussions. The titles are reproduced in keeping with the above agenda of the Researchers’ Corner
for the 13th Annual Meeting of the Förderkreis Rückversicherung [Sponsoring Group Reinsurance].
This bachelor thesis addresses the issue of how school resilience can be measured and assessed quantitatively. Schools as social infrastructures have a significant value for society. Yet, on a global scale, they, and therefore the respective community as well, are continuously endangered by a variety of threats such as natural disasters or violence and mental abuse affecting students, parents and school staff. However, these threats differ greatly depending on climatic and geographical conditions as well as on the socio-cultural context of the corresponding community. To strengthen school resilience against potential threats and to ensure education continuity despite the occurrence of these disruptions, a methodology is developed to measure and assess school resilience in conjunction with its specific circumstances. Initially, qualitative and quantitative (composite) indicators are identified and categorised with the help of a Systematic Literature Review and Mayring's Qualitative Content Analysis. These are subsequently developed into a Comprehensive Index for School Resilience (CISR). Building on this, a pre-existing assessment methodology, which uses Likert-Scales arranged in questionnaires to assign quantitative values to the composite indicators, is adapted to operationalise the CISR and by an exemplary application at Europaschule Troisdorf, the methodology is adapted to the socio-cultural conditions in Germany using an expert’s operational and contextual knowledge. The results obtained show that the methodologies and techniques described in current international research can, after an appropriate adaptation, successfully be applied to schools in Germany as well. Nevertheless, by identifying research limitations and errors as well as potential improvements, it is evident that further research and development is needed to provide stakeholders with a decision-making tool to strengthen the resilience of schools in the future, such as an exhaustive supplement to the CISR or the integration of more precise quantification methodologies and techniques.
Emergency management services, such as firefighting, rescue teams and ambulances,are all heavily reliant on road networks. However, even for highly industrialised countries such asGermany, and even for large cities, spatial planning tools are lacking for road network interruptionsof emergency services. Moreover, dependencies of emergency management expand not only onroads but on many other systemic interrelations, such as blockages of bridges. The first challenge thispaper addresses is the development of a novel assessment that captures systemic interrelations ofcritical services and their dependencies explicitly designed to the needs of the emergency services.This aligns with a second challenge: capturing system nodes and areas around road networksand their geographical interrelation. System nodes, road links and city areas are integrated into aspatial grid of tessellated hexagons (also referred to as tiles) with geographical information systems.The hexagonal grid is designed to provide a simple map visualisation for emergency planners andfire brigades. Travel time planning is then optimised for accessing city areas in need by weighingimpaired areas of past events based on operational incidents. The model is developed and testedwith official incident data for the city of Cologne, Germany, and will help emergency managers tobetter device planning of resources based on this novel identification method of critical areas.
In this paper we describe traffic sign recognition with neural networks in the frequency domain. Traffic signs exist in all countries to regulate the traffic of vehicles and pedestrians. Each country has its own set of traffic signs that are more or less similar. They consist of a set of abstract forms, symbols, numbers and letters, which are combined into different signs. Automatic traffic sign recognition is important for driver assistance systems and for autonomous driving. Traffic sign recognition is a subtype of image recognition. The traffic signs are usually recorded by a camera and must be recognized in real time, i.e. assigned to a class. We use neural networks for traffic sign recognition. The special feature of our method is that the traffic sign recognition does not take place in the spatial domain but in the frequency domain. This has advantages because it is possible to significantly reduce the number of neurons and thus the computing effort of the neural network compared to a conventional neural network.
This investigation attempts to understand the eco‐hydrology of, and accordingly suggest an option to manage floodwater for agriculture in, the understudied and data‐sparse ephemeral Baraka River Basin within the hyper‐arid region of Sudan. Reference is made to the major feature of the basin, that is, the Toker Delta spate irrigation scheme. A point‐to‐pixel comparison of gridded and ground‐based data sets is performed to enhance the estimates of rainfall. Analysis of remotely sensed land use/cover data is performed. The results show a significant reduction of the grassland and barren areas explained by a significant expansion of the cropland and open shrubland (invasive mesquite trees) areas in the delta. The cotton sown area is highly dependent on the flooded area and the discharge volume in the delta. However, the area of this major crop has declined since the early 1990s in favour of cultivation of more profitable food crops. Expansion of mesquite in the delta is problematic, taking hold under increased floodwater, and can only be manged by clearance to provide crop cultivation area. There is a great potential for floodwater harvesting during the rainfall season (June to September). A total seasonal runoff volume of around 4.6 and 10.8 billion cubic metres is estimated at 90 and 50% probabilities of exceedance (reliabilities), respectively. Rather than leaving the runoff generated from rainfall events to pass to the Red Sea or be consumed by mesquite trees, a location for runoff harvesting structure in a highly suitable area is proposed. Such a structure will support any policy shifts towards planning and managing the basin water resources for use in irrigating the agricultural scheme.
Die Lebensweltorientierung nach Hans Thiersch stellt wohl eines der geläufigsten Theoriekonzepte im gegen- wärtigen Diskurs der Sozialen Arbeit dar. Mit ihr werden die (primär) bezugswissenschaftlich-entschlüsselten Termini ‚Lebenswelt‘ und ‚Alltag‘ als Orientierungspunkte für die Praxis sowie als Gegenstand für die wissenschaftliche Disziplin Sozialer Arbeit konstatiert; genauer noch: systemintern normativ aufgeladen. Insbe-sondere stützt sich das Theoriekonzept auf gesellschaftskritische Modernisierungserzählungen hinsichtlich spätkapitalistischer Entwicklungslinien und deren Einfluss auf das Individuum, die Gesellschaft und die vermeintlich dazwischenliegende Soziale Arbeit. Die angestrebte UmOrientierung soll die Soziale Arbeit aus ihren über-bürokratisierten und ökonomisierten Methoden- zwängen befreien, eine „ganzheitlichere“, also „professionell richtige“ Begegnung mit den Klient*innen ermöglichen und, im Zuge dessen, das Großprojekt sozialer Gerechtigkeit befördern. Die durchaus weitgefasste Argumentations- und Legitimationsstruktur, welche dem Theoriekonzept innewohnt, geht aus solch einer umfangreichen Integration von (vorerst) fach- fremden Begrifflichkeiten und Sinnzusammenhängen hervor, so dass der Versuch einen gänzlichen Überblick dessen zugewinnen, in diffuser Desorientierung enden kann. So pointiert Thiersch selbst, dass es notwendig sei, die Lebensweltorientierung „schwierig, kantig und sperrig“ zu halten (Thiersch 2015, S. 314). Will sich jene Soziale Arbeit jedoch auf einem dermaßen breiten
Theorieboden begründen, ist es unabdingbar systematisch zu identifizieren, wo sich thematische Schnittmengen, Divergenzen oder Spannungen ergeben. Darüber hinaus
muss sie ersichtlich machen, auf welche Weise diese entsprechend bearbeitet, entkoppelt oder weitergedacht werden. Hält sie Untersuchungen dieser Art nicht Stand, lässt dies semantische Verkürzungen, selbstaffirmative Positionsbestimmungen und ideologische Programmatik ver- muten, welche den wissenschaftlichen Gehalt des Theorie-konzepts in Frage stellen lassen würden. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll als ein kritischer explorations-versuch gelten, welcher das Ziel verfolgt, mögliche Diffusitäten herauszustellen und zu beleuchten. So wird sich insbe-sondere mit dem systematischen Weg auseinandergesetzt, welchen Thiersch einschlägt, um einen vermeintlichen Konnex bezugswissenschaftlicher Theoriebestandteile anzubieten, diesen im Diskurs Sozialen Arbeit brauchbar zu machen und ferner als grundlegendes, ‚orientierungs-würdiges‘ (normativ-aufgeladenes) Zentrum zu setzen.
We examine the impact of the existence on an explicit deposit insurance (DI) scheme and its design features on bilateral cross‐border deposits (CBD) in a gravity model setting. We find that both the absolute quality of a country's DI and its relative quality vis‐à‐vis other countries' DI generally affect depositor behavior. However, during systemic banking crises, cross‐border depositors primarily seek countries with the best DI schemes. Similarly, during the 2008–2009 great financial crisis, the emergency actions taken by the governments, which supply and maintain these safe havens, have led to substantial relocations of CBD. (JEL F34, G18)
At the case study of the city of Cologne and the neighbouring Rhein‐Erft‐Kreis (a county), selected resilience aspects of critical infrastructure (CI) and cascading effects are analysed concerning major river floods. Using a Geographic Information System, the applicability of the approach is demonstrated using open source software and data, augmented by manual entries. This study demonstrates the feasibility and limitations of analysing lifeline features of interest for disaster risk and emergency management such as roads, bridges and electricity supply. By highlighting interdependencies of emergency services with CI such as roads, cascading effects of interconnected paths are shown. The findings indicate that in an extreme event flood scenario over 2,000 km of roads and eight bridges will be exposed to floods in the area of the rivers Rhine and Erft. This places huge demands on disaster and emergency management institutions and people affected and limits their resiliency.
Aufbauend auf einer vorherigen Arbeit, die sich mit der Implementierung einer Komponentezum Auslesen mdizinischer Sensordaten mithilfe eines Arduino und eines Raspberry Pi befasst hat, beschäftigt sich diese Arbeit mit der Visualisierung sowie Auswertung der durch das System gesammelten Daten. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, über einen Zeitraum von etwa drei Monaten mithilfe der Komponente Daten zu sammeln und diese Daten in einem sinnvollen Kontext visuell darzustellen. Zudem sollen diese Daten mithilfe unterschiedlicher Algorithmen des Maschinellen Lernens ausgewertet werden,
um mögliche Muster und Zusammenhänge erkennen zu können. In diesem Kontext konnte die Hypothese aufgestellt werden, dass ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Körpertemperatur und der Sauerstoffsättigung im Blut besteht.