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A bifacial Photovoltaic (PV) simulation model is created by combining the optical View Factor matrix with electrical output simulation in python to analyse the energy density of bifacial systems. A discretization of the rear side of the bifacial modules allows a further investigation of mismatching and losses due to inhomogeneous radiation distribution. The model is validated, showing a deviation of -1.25 % to previous simulation models and giving hourly resolvedoutput data with a higher accuracy than existing software for bifacial PV systems.
In this study the link between renewable energies and employment in Senegal is analyzed.
The Sustainable Livelihood Approach is used to understand the investigated situation in a holistic view. To successfully implement renewable energies in Senegal and to have a significant impact on the employment market, the governmental framework and the technical education has to improve, to match the needs of the labor market.
Rural communities do not have all the assets to lift themselves out of poverty and disadvantages by the usage of renewable energy. Solar irrigation, off-grid systems and solar devices impact the level of education and the labor force in rural areas in Senegal.
Moreover, access to a reliable energy source improves people’s livelihood in terms
of health, education, income and employment.
The resulting employment effect of adding 20 MW with the solar power plant Senergy 2 can be estimated with 28.686 created jobs (0,54 % of total employment).
Upcoming power projects offer employment opportunities for graduates of the master study renewable energies. Furthermore, the demand of specialized engineers and
technicians in the distribution and project planning sector will rise.
Educational institutions have increasing needs for professional digital communication. When selecting suitable communication tools, there is a need for appropriate information as a basis for decision-making. Messenger communication in particular is strongly integrated into people's private everyday lives. While needs for extensive data-secure communication in educational contexts are increasing, there is a lack of concepts for data-protected and privacy-preserving support of educational processes through software (Karaboga et al 2014; Digitalcourage e.V. n.d.) , as well as for mandatory training for professionals (Zorn, Tillmann, and Kaminski 2014; Imort and Niesyto 2014), and reliable information for viable software alternatives. This paper outlines the specific requirements of educational institutions when selecting suitable software, using messenger communication as an example. From these requirements, criteria for needed information are presented as a basis for software selection decisions in three categories: data protection/privacy, accessibility/low-barrier, practicability. Since no criteria and good practice suggestions were available so far, a study was conducted to elicit the characteristics of potentially suitable messenger software. To this end, the necessary criteria for the three categories mentioned were first defined and then German and well-known international messengers were tested for data protection criteria. Based on the results for conformity with the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) as an inclusion criterion, the messengers in question were subjected to a practical test. In the process, additional practicality criteria were developed, in part iteratively.
In addition to institution-internal messengers, six services were identified among the freely available provider-dependent messengers that can be used in a GDPR-compliant manner, at least for users over the age of 16. At the time of publication, this leaves only five: Threema, Wire, SID, Ginlo, Chiffry. Furthermore, provider-independent messenger systems that adhere to the international standard protocol for the exchange of chat messages (XMPP) appear to be a viable option for educational institutions. In-house or commissioned server hosting would then be possible and a corresponding agreement for commissioned data processing can be concluded with an IT service provider.
The decisions to use "Wire" and "Threema Work" in the IDiT project context are explained and justified. The context was vocational training for prospective office management clerks at vocational schools and vocational training centers. Although the underlying considerations are tailored to the project context (application in the Berufsförderungswerk Köln), they can be generalized.
A test tool for Langton's ant-based algorithms is created. Among other things, it can create test files for the NIST-Statistical-Test-Suite. The test tool is used to investigate the invertibility, ring formation and randomness of 7 created models which are extensions of Langton’s ant. The models are examined to possibly use them as pseudo-random generator (PRG) or block cipher. All models use memories which are based on tori. This property is central, because this is how rings are formed in the first place and in addition the behavior of all models at the physical boundaries of the memory is clearly defined in this way. The different models have special properties which are also investigated. These include variable color sets, discrete convolution, multidimensionality, and the use of multiple ants, which are arranged fractal hierarchically and influence each other. The extensions convolution, multidimensional scalable and multidimensional scalable fractal ant colony are presented here for the first time. It is shown that well-chosen color sets and high-dimensional tori are particularly well suited as a basis for Langton's ant based PRGs. In addition, it is shown that a block cipher can be generated on this basis.
Habitat loss due to land use and land cover change (LUCC) has been identified as the main cause of global environmental change, responsible for biodiversity decline and the deterioration of ecological processes. Habitat loss and fragmentation have been driven by
processes of LUCC such as deforestation, agricultural expansion and intensification, urbanization, and globalization. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of LUCC on the process of habitat loss and the patterns of fragmentation in the surrounding landscape of the Pacuare Reserve (PR) in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. The PR is a protected area of 800 ha surrounded by an agricultural landscape with a history of over 150 years of bananas monocultures. Landsat satellite images from 1978 to 2020 were used to conduct a temporal analysis of LUCC around the PR. Patterns of change were explored using landscape metrics from the land classification images. To explore potential connectivity routes, the least cost path analysis was used to connect the PR to other protected areas. Overall, forest cover decreased in the study area at a rate of -4.8% per year during the period of 1992-1997. In the year 2001 it reached its lowest cover and then increased at a mean annual rate of 1.6%. A mean overall accuracy of 92% was obtained for the land classification process. A clear fragmentation process was observed, as shown by a decreased in forest mean patch area and largest patch index and by the increase in patch density. Although forest cover increased in the last decade, fragmentation metrics suggest this recover happened in a spatially scattered manner, due to agricultural land abandonment. Connectivity maps showed the importance of forest fragments and of the already established biological corridors for the movement of species to and from the PR, however it also evidenced the lack of connectivity between the coastal forest fragments and further inside the country located protected areas, as well as the need to promote reforestation projects, particularly between fragments of the corridors identified.
The topic for the thesis originated from the CAP4ACCESS project run by the European Commission and its partners, which deals towards the sensiti-zation of people and development of tools for awareness about people with movement disabilities. The explorative analysis is never ending and to explore and find interest-ing patterns and the results is a tedious task. Therefore, a scientific approach was very important. To start with, familiarizing the domain and the data sources were done. Thereafter, selection of methodology for data analysis was done which resulted in the use of CRISP-DM methodology. The data sources are the source of blood to the analysis methodology, and as there were two sources of data that is MICROM and OSM Wheelchair History(OWH), it was important to integrate them together to extract relevant datasets. Therefore a functional and technically impure data warehouse was created, from which the datasets are extracted and analysed.The next task was to select appropriate tools for analysis. This task was very important as the data set although was not big data but con-tained a large number of rows. After careful analysis, Apache spark and its machine learning library were utilized for building and testing supervised models. DataFrame API for Python, Pandas, the machine learning library Sci-kit learn provided unsupervised algorithms for analysis, the association rule analysis was performed using WEKA. Tableau[21] and Matplotlib[24] provide attractive visualizations for representation and analysis.
This paper is grounded in the emerging field of web science and shall contribute to its further classification and demarcation by illustrating the current state of »web-native research methods«. It builds upon an initial arraying work of Richard Rogers, who coined the term »Digital Methods« for research with methods that were »born« in the web, and illustrated and organized them in his eponymous book in 2013. This paper attempts to develop a more appropriate illustration of the Digital Methods by following the web’s very own, hypertextual, network-like nature, in particular by construing an ontological representation on the base of the Web Ontology Language (OWL). By virtue of decomposing the book into granular information units and their subsequent reassembly into OWL entities, immediate access to the entire knowledge domain can be provided, and coherencies, interrelations and distinctions between concepts become apparent. The ontology’s structure was induced narrowly along the provided examples of research projects and subsequently clustered in topic groups, of which the three most important ones were (a) the Digital Methods as an arraying space of web-native methodology, (b) a collection of concrete applications of these Digital Methods in research projects, and (c) a hierarchical scheme of traditional sciences with a distinct interest in answering research questions with help of Digital Methods. Subsequently, the ontology was evaluated in three general dimensions: Deriving user stories and scenarios provided means to validate the utilization quality; the accuracy and reliability of the resulting structure was validated with help of a control group of web-native research projects; and process control instruments served as a validator for the ontology’s correctness. Despite the ontology itself, this paper also resulted in a first interpretation of the produced information: Statements about research practise in social science, politics and philosophy were as possible as findings about commonly applied varieties of methods. Concluding, the present paper proposes a process of ontology engineering, an evaluation of the ontology’s value, and an interpretation of the ontology’s content.