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Potential analyses identify possible locations for renewable energy installations, such as wind turbines and photovoltaic arrays. The results of previous potential studies for Germany, however, are not consistent due to different assumptions, methods, and datasets being used. For example, different land-use datasets are applied in the literature to identify suitable areas for technologies requiring open land. For the first time, commonly used datasets are compared regarding the area and position of identified features to analyze their impact on potential analyses. It is shown that the use of Corine Land Cover is not recommended as it leads to potential area overestimation in a typical wind potential analyses by a factor of 4.7 and 5.2 in comparison to Basis-DLM and Open Street Map, respectively. Furthermore, we develop scenarios for onshore wind, offshore wind, and open-field photovoltaic potential estimations based on land-eligibility analyses using the land-use datasets that were proven to be best by our pre-analysis. Moreover, we calculate the rooftop photovoltaic potential using 3D building data nationwide for the first time. The potentials have a high sensitivity towards exclusion conditions, which are also currently discussed in public. For example, if restrictive exclusions are chosen for the onshore wind analysis the necessary potential for climate neutrality cannot be met. The potential capacities and possible locations are published for all administrative levels in Germany in the freely accessible database (Tool for Renewable Energy Potentials—Database), for example, to be incorporated into energy system models.
Reducing the carbon emissions from hotels on non-interconnected islands (NII) is essential in the context of a low carbon future for the Mediterranean region. Maritime tourism is the major source of income for Greece and many other countries in the region, as well as hot-temperate and tropical regions worldwide. Like many NIIs, Rhodes attracts a high influx of tourists every summer, doubling the island’s energy demand and, given the high proportion of fossil fuels in the Rhodian energy supply, increasing carbon emissions. Using the theoretical framework ‘FINE’, this paper presents the optimisation of a medium-sized hotel’s energy system with the aim of reducing both cost and carbon emissions. By introducing a Photovoltaic (PV) net metering system, it was found that the carbon emissions associated with an NII hotel’s energy system could be reduced by 31% at an optimised cost. It is suggested that large-scale deployment of PV or alternative renewable energy sources (RES) in NII hotels could significantly reduce carbon emissions associated with the accommodation sector in Greece and help mitigate climate change.
To achieve sustainable development, the energy transition from lignite burning to renewable energy resources for electric power generation is essential for Greece. Wind and solar energy have emerged as significant sources in this transition. Surprisingly, numerous studies have examined the potential for onshore wind based on land eligibility, while few studies on open-field photovoltaic (PV) installations have been conducted. Therefore, based on the Specific Framework for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development for Renewable Energy Sources (SFSPSD-RES), along with insights from previous relevant studies, this work conducts a land eligibility analysis of onshore wind and open-field PV installations in Greece using the software Geospatial Land Availability for Energy Systems (GLAES 1.2.1) and ArcGIS 10.2. Additionally, through an in-depth exploration of wind and solar PV energy potential in decommissioned lignite mines integrated with wind power density (WPD) and global horizontal irradiation (GHI) maps, this study compares the suitability of wind versus solar as energy sources for the decarbonization of Greece. Overall, despite the greater spatial eligibility for onshore wind turbines compared to open-field PV power plants, the relatively lower wind energy potential and operational limitations of wind turbines lead to the study’s conclusion that solar energy (PV) is more suitable for the decarbonization of Greece.
The decarbonization and the substitution of fossil fuels with hydrogen have emerged as critical objectives in the ongoing energy transition. However, the lack of understanding and awareness surrounding industrial-scale hydrogen projects and their potential hinder progress in addressing these challenges. To expedite the transition process, it is imperative to cultivate a sense of awareness and sensitivity among industrial-scale hydrogen projects, dimensions of generation plants, and potential use cases for hydrogen and its co-products from electrolysis.
This research endeavors to answer the fundamental question: "How can a general sense of awareness and sensitivity for hydrogen projects be established in a manner that is easily comprehensible?" To accomplish this goal, a systematic approach is proposed. The research leverages renewable generation profiles in hourly resolution data from photovoltaic plants and onshore/offshore wind turbines, to ascertain the available electricity that can be utilized for electrolysis. By employing scientifically grounded assumptions about the parameters of electrolysis plants, the design and resource requirements will be determined and visually represented. Additionally, predefined use cases for the produced hydrogen and its by-products will be considered, and diverse supply capacities will be visualized across sectors such as mobility, industry, and housing, considering in non-cumulative manner. In addition, the potential of hydrogen as a long-term storage media for renewable electricity can be assessed.
The outcome of this research manifests as an accessible web tool called the "Electrolysis Calculator". This user-friendly tool necessitates four user-input values and performs calculations for primary electrolysis design parameters, encompassing full-load hours, resource consumption, generated energy, and substance quantities. Furthermore, the web tool provides intuitive visualizations of typical use case capacities, aimed at fostering awareness and understanding of hydrogen projects among its users.
The web tool enables decision-making and promoting widespread adoption of hydrogen as an alternative energy carrier and long term storage media.