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The objective of this paper is to implement a baseband OFDM transceiver on FPGA hardware. The design uses 8-point SLT/ISLT (Slantlet/Inverse Slantlet) for the processing module with processing block of 8 inputs data wide. All modules are designed and implemented using VHDL programming language. Software tools used in this work includes Altera Quartus II 7.2 and ModelSim Altera 6.1g, to assist the design process and downloading process into FPGA board while Cyclone III board EP3C120F780C7 is used to realize the designed module.
The geography of European cross-border banking : the impact of cultural and political factors
(2009)
We investigate the determinants of European banking market integration with a focus on the potentially limiting role of cultural and political factors. Employing a unique data set of European cross-border loans and deposits, the study uses various gravity models that are augmented by societal proxies. While trade-theoretic reasoning can explain part of the surge in cross-border banking, we demonstrate that distance and borders still matter in the geography of European cross-border banking. Moreover, we can identify cultural differences and different legal family origin as important barriers to integration.
This paper investigates the state, development and drivers of banking market integration in the member countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) by employing interest rate data. We first conduct a principal component analysis and find evidence for both increasing monetary integration and banking integration in loan and deposit markets. These integration processes are not developing uniformly and we can identify a convergence club. As banking market integration can be a genuine process or simply be driven by monetary integration, we also investigate the interest rate pass through from national and South African Central bank interest rates onto national retail rates. With respect to the convergence club we find both, genuine and monetary-integration driven processes though the latter dominate. We conclude that a selective expansion of the Common Monetary Area is possible but needs to be complement by efficient financial development policies.
This paper presents the design procedure and implementation results of a proposed software defined radio (SDR) using Altera Cyclone II family board. The implementation uses Matlab/SimulinkTM, Embedded MatlabTM blocks, and Cyclone II development and educational board. The design has first implemented in Matlab/SimulinkTM environment. It is then converted to VHDL level using Simulink HDL coder. The design is synthesized and fitted with Quartus II 9.0 Web Edition® software, and downloaded to Altera Cyclone II board. The results show that it is easy to develop and understand the implementation of SDR using programmable logic tools. The paper also presents an efficient design flow of the procedure followed to obtain VHDL netlists that can be downloaded to FPGA boards.
On 25 May 2011, the OECD launched a "Green Growth Strategy" and proposed a "Green Growth Diagnostics" approach to identify the binding constraints on green growth. This paper discusses the potential use and usefulness of this approach as a means to identify those binding constraints. It is argued that the approach is best used at the meso level for industries and certain environmental challenges. The paper proposes a modified green growth diagnostics approach for eco-innovations at the meso level that can be useful for informing and organising a rational policy dialogue amongst all stakeholders.
Country rankings with respect to a country’s business environment draw strong international attention. Methods of business environment assessment differ; two competing methods will be described and compared with respect to their results for Rwanda in the years 2008-2010. They do not come to the same results regarding regulatory deficits and hence the demand for regulatory reform. When regulatory cost is considered, demand and supply of reforms are more in line than without cost considerations. The effectiveness of reforms undertaken in Rwanda varies. Based on interviews in late 2010, not all reforms were having the expected impact “on the ground”.
Country rankings with respect to a country’s business environment draw strong international attention. Methods of business environment assessment differ, two competing methods will be described and compared with respect to their results for Rwanda in the years 2008-2010. They do not come to the same results regarding regulatory deficits and hence the demand for regulatory reform. When regulatory cost is considered, demand and supply of reforms are more in line than without cost considerations. The effectiveness of reforms undertaken in Rwanda varies. Based on interviews in late 2010, not all reforms were having the expected impact “on the ground”.
This paper gives a practical approach to the area of business ethics, in particular to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), via analyzing how the retail chain REWE shows its commitment to its social responsibilities as defined by the four-part model of CSR. As Fairtrade offers one way for fulfilling social responsibilities, in particular the ethical and philanthropic responsibilities of CSR, REWE’s participation in selling Fairtrade products is analyzed. This analysis is conducted by applying the criteria for receiving the Fairtrade Award to REWE which allows drawing conclusions about REWE’s commitment to Fairtrade. Information for this assessment is taken from publicly available sources as well as from personal communication with the Fairtrade organization TransFair. The paper further gives an indication about the match between REWE’s communication – as the selling of Fairtrade products is communicated via REWE’s sustainability program – and REWE’s action concerning social responsibility, expressed by its commitment to Fairtrade. Implementing a sustainability program is one way for companies to exercise CSR and thus the analysis conducted concerning REWE’s commitment to Fairtrade is an attempt to answer the question whether companies’ communication about their CSR efforts matches their actions.
This study paper introduces different tools, i.e. analytical methods and visualizations, in business intelligence environments. It especially emphasizes the use of OLAP-based technologies as a tradtional kind of data analysis in contrast to as graph analysis and formal concept analysis as rather new approaches in the area of visual analytics.
This paper gives an overview of the development of Fair Trade in six European countries: Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. After the description of the food retail industry and its market structures in these countries, the main European Fair Trade organizations are analyzed regarding their role within the Fair Trade system. The following part deals with the development of Fair Trade sales in general and with respect to the products coffee, tea, bananas, fruit juice and sugar. An overview of the main activities of national Fair Trade organizations, e.g. public relation activities, completes the analysis. This study shows the enormous upswing of Fair Trade during the last decade and the reasons for this development. Nevertheless, it comes to the conclusion that Fair Trade is still far away from being an essential part of the food retail industry in Europe.