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In dieser Arbeit wird die Frage nach der Zusammensetzung einer aus konservatorischer Sicht unbedenklichen Stempelfarbe untersucht. Es konnten vier Kategorien von Stempelfarben ermittelt werden: die leinölhaltigen, die mineralölhaltigen, die glykol-/glycerolhaltigen und die harzhaltigen. Neun Stempelfarben aus diesen vier Kategorien wurden in einer umfangreichen Testreihe auf ihre Licht- und Klimabeständigkeit, ihre Löse- und Bleichmittelfestigkeit, ihre Wischfestigkeit und ihr Durchschlagvermögen überprüft. Drei rein pigmenthaltige Stempelfarben haben diese Tests bestanden. Von diesen hatte nur die leinölhaltige Stempelfarbe eine gute Dokumentenechtheit. Zudem werden im letzten Kapitel Möglichkeiten zur Entfernung von Stempelfarben auf Papier vorgestellt.
Before transporting the landfill leachate to municipal wastewater treatment plant it has to be treated in a landfill leachate treatment plant, as it comprises high concentrations of ammonium. The elimination of ammonium load in the leachate is usually done by the combined processes of nitrification and denitrification with a specially adapted biocenosis in the activated sludge (AS). For each of the steps, specialized bacteria such as Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter and Paracoccus are used to transfer the ammonia to gaseous nitrogen. The aim of this investigation was to find suitable process parameters for a complementary treatment of fermentation water from a biogas plant together with landfill leachate. The processed water of the biogas plant consists of a higher concentration of ammonium and carbon sources or easily degradable volatile fatty acids. It can save the usage of external carbon source (acetic acid) and additionally it could also compensate the missing volumes of leachate in times of low rain and low leachate flows. To maintain the high workload for the existing leachate treatment pilot plant (LTPP), a combined treatment of landfill leachate and process water is also of economic and of ecological interest. The long-term adaption process of the biocenosis needs to be done step-by-step. Innovative process monitoring is needed to prevent biocenosis collapse. In our study, we present our set-up, a closer look at the ongoing experiment and the long-term changes in the biocenosis.
The 12th Annual Meeting of the Sponsoring Group Reinsurance [Förderkreis Rückversicherung] was held 5th July 2019 in Niederkassel, near Cologne. Some 80
representatives of the (re)insurance companies involved in the Sponsoring Group took part in the meeting, along with guests. Offered for the fifth time as part of the
Annual Meeting, the Researchers’ Corner gave eight members of academic staff at the Cologne Research Centre for Reinsurance an opportunity to deliver a presentation on their respective current research projects. In three sessions – each featuring 2-3 parallel lectures with posters – the most important results of the scientific studies by the Cologne Research Centre for Reinsurance were presented and discussed. The heterogeneity of the topics presented by academic staff reflects the dovetailing of Cologne Research Centre with reinsurance practice.
Session 1
a) Manuel Dietmann (M.Sc.): The increasing importance of the riskmanagement function in insurance companies
b) Robert Joniec (M.Sc., FCII, cand. PhD): How is the reinsurance cycle doing?
c) Wolfgang Koch (M.Sc., FCII): Information asymmetries between reinsurance brokers and assignors
Session 2
a) Jörg Dirks (M.Sc., FCII): Unmanned aircraft – Evolution of the market for aviation (re-)insurance
b) Fabian Lassen (M.Sc., FCII): Reducing volatility through use of an insurance swap
c) Fabian Pütz (M.Sc., cand. PhD): Transferring cat risks from emerging markets from a macroeconomic perspective Session 3
a) Kai-Olaf Knocks (M.A., FCII): The ILS market in 2019 – discouragement or wait-and-see?
b) Lihong Wang (M.Sc., FCII, cand. PhD): China InsurTech development
With the publication series, ‘Proceedings of the Researchers’ Corner’, the Cologne Research Centre for Reinsurance meets the desire for publication of the research results of our scholars together with the accompanying posters and discussions. The titles are reproduced in keeping with the above agenda of the Researchers’ Corner for the 12th Annual Meeting of the Sponsoring Group Reinsurance. As part of the event, Prof. Materne also conducted an interview with Mr Ingo Wichelhaus (Senior Director, Mount Street) on the topic of risk management and portfolio management. Particular attention was devoted to the broad spectrum of risk for financing in the shipping sector.
Proceedings des Researchers‘ Corner zur 12. Jahrestagung des Förderkreises Rückversicherung 2019
(2019)
Am 5. Juli 2019 fand die 12. Jahrestagung des Förderkreises Rückversicherung in Niederkassel bei Köln statt. Etwa 80 Repräsentanten der in dem Förderkreis mitwirkenden (Rück-) Versicherungsunternehmen und Gäste nahmen daran teil. Im Rahmen der Jahrestagung wurde zum fünften Mal der Researchers‘ Corner durchgeführt, in dessen Verlauf acht der in der Kölner Forschungsstelle
Rückversicherung beschäftigten wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiter*innen einen Vortrag zu dem jeweilig aktuell bearbeiteten Forschungsprojekt hielten.
In drei Sessions – mit je 2-3 parallel gehaltenen Vorträgen mit Poster – wurden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen der Kölner
Forschungsstelle Rückversicherung präsentiert und diskutiert. Die Heterogenität der vorgetragenen Themen der wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiter*innen spiegelt die
Verzahnung der Kölner Forschungsstelle mit der Rückversicherungspraxis wider.
Session 1
a) Manuel Dietmann (M.Sc.): Zunehmende Bedeutung der
Risikomanagementfunktion in Versicherungsunternehmen
b) Robert Joniec (M.Sc., FCII, cand. PhD): Wie geht es dem Rückversicherungs-Zyklus?
c) Wolfgang Koch (M.Sc., FCII): Informationsasymmetrien
zwischen Rückversicherungsmaklern und Zedenten
Session 2
a) Jörg Dirks (M.Sc., FCII): Unbemannte Fluggeräte
– Evolution des Luftfahrt-(Rück-)Versicherungsmarktes
b) Fabian Lassen (M.Sc., FCII): Senkung der Volatilität durch Einsatz eines versicherungstechnischen Swaps
c) Fabian Pütz (M.Sc., cand. PhD): Transfer von Cat-Risiken von Schwellenländern aus volkswirtschaftlicher Perspektive
Session 3
a) Kai-Olaf Knocks (M.A., FCII): Der ILS-Markt 2019 – abgeschreckt oder abwartend?
b) Lihong Wang (M.Sc., FCII, cand. PhD): China InsurTech Development
Mit der Veröffentlichungsreihe „Proceedings des Researchers‘ Corner“ entspricht die Kölner Forschungsstelle Rückversicherung dem Wunsch, die
Forschungsergebnisse unserer Wissenschaftler*innen sowie die entsprechenden Poster und Diskussionen zu publizieren. Dabei werden die Titel gemäß der oben
aufgeführten Agenda des Researchers‘ Corner der 12. Jahrestagung des Förderkreises Rückversicherung wiedergegeben. Im Rahmen der Veranstaltung führte Herr Prof. Materne des Weiteren ein Interview mit Herrn Ingo Wichelhaus (Senior Director, Mount Street) zum Thema Risiko- und Portfoliomanagement. Hierbei wurde insbesondere auf das breite Risikospektrum von Finanzierungen im Schifffahrtssektor eingegangen.
Unser Dank gilt den Fördermittelgebern, die sowohl diese Veranstaltung als auch die Forschung der Wissenschaftler*innen erst ermöglichen.
Die 11. Jahrestagung des Förderkreises Rückversicherung zum Thema Rückversicherung fand am 13. Juli 2018 in Niederkassel bei Köln statt. Etwa 85 eingeladene Repräsentanten aus dem Förderkreis unterstützenden (Rück-)Versicherungsunternehmen und Gäste nahmen daran teil.
Im Rahmen der Jahrestagung wurde zum vierten Mal der Researchers‘ Corner durchgeführt, in dessen Verlauf acht der in der Kölner Forschungsstelle Rückversicherung beschäftigten Wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiter einen Vortrag zu dem jeweilig individuell bearbeiteten Forschungsprojekt hielten. Des Weiteren wurden von Prof. Materne Interviews mit den Herren Dr. Falk Niehörster (Climate Risk Innovations) und Dr. Magnus Kobel (YAS.life) geführt. Dr. Niehörster berichtete über seine Forschungen und Beratungstätigkeit hinsichtlich der maritimen Klimaveränderung und Dr. Kobel über das Geschäftsmodell seines InsurTecs YAS.life und seine allgemeinen Erfahrungen bei Gründung und Entwicklungen von Start-ups.
In drei Sessions – mit je 2-3 jeweils drei parallel laufenden Vorträgen mit Poster – wurden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen der Kölner Forschungsstelle Rückversicherung präsentiert und diskutiert. Die Heterogenität in den vorgetragenen Themen der wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeiter spiegelt die Verzahnung der Forschungstheorie mit der Praxistätigkeit wider.
Soils are complex, evolving systems that simultaneously shape and are shaped by numerous biotic and abiotic factors in a vast web of interactions that creates the conditions for the propagation of life and the maintenance of human societies. Yet, land use and land use change (LULUC) and anthropogenic climate change (CC) are forcing substantial and rapid alterations into soil’s properties and processes, thus affecting the functions and services derived from it. The resulting land degradation (LD) is now spread, according to recent estimates, over nearly 30 % of the world’s total land, mostly on the population dense and impoverished tropics, a zone predicted to withstand the worst impacts of CC. The Atlantic Forest in Brazil is a particularly vulnerable environment, and the unusual drought of 2014-2017 that hit its Southeastern region is likely the harbinger of a progressively drier future.
The way the prelude of what might be an increasingly frequent hazard affected farmers’ livelihoods and natural resources, and the manner in which they reacted to those impacts can thus reveal points of strength and fragility that could be respectively harnessed or addressed to develop a more sustainable agriculture and climate resilience. This master thesis focused on characterizing those impacts and reactions on distinct dairy production systems in two municipalities in Northwestern Rio de Janeiro: Santo Antônio de Pádua and Cambuci. Through interviews and in loci observations, the researcher collected data concerning environmental services (erosion prevention, soil cover and water provision), production variables (inputs and outputs), socio-economic information, farm system management and farmers’ future perspectives. The results show that dairy production systems in the region are heterogeneous and, although they may share common characteristics, drought outcomes were closely tied to the specificities of each farm. Ultimately, outcomes originated from differences in water supply, water demand, and feed availability, their subsequent change by the drought and farmers’ reaction to those changes at each property.
For use in a landfill, a laboratory reactor for safe and environmentally friendly biological utilization of low-concentration methane gas will be further developed. The current principle of denitrification-coupled aerobic methane oxidation will be replaced by methane oxidation under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic methane oxidation offers the advantage that, in addition to methane, nitrate also undergoes biodegradation. Another advantage is that the oxygen content can be significantly lower. This reduces the risk of the formation of an explosive atmosphere in the reactor. Currently, the principle of anaerobic methane oxidation is known. However, organisms capable of doing so are not yet available as a pure culture. Therefore, several biomasses were probed for the ability of anaerobic methane oxidation. It was found that moor-heavy sediment, activated sludge from the leachate treatment plant and biomass from the local biogas plant oxidize methane after the natural carbon source (C source) was been removed.
This project is focused on the generation of hardware independent code for PLCs and the comparison for energy consumption patterns of hydraulic and electric drive unit. This works is dedicated to MLC (mould level control) in a continuous casting machine, which is used to cast steel slabs continuously. The code generation is done with the help of the PLC coder which is present in the software Simulink. The programming is done entirely in MATLAB. The application of the generated code is tested on the Siemens S7-1500 PLC. For executing the code and the development of the HMI (human machine
interface) Siemens software TIA Portal V15 has been used. Moreover, for further analysis of signals and testing the code, a PDA or process data acquisition system, IBA system is used. For energy analysis also the IBA system is used.
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumors and pathogens remains a major problem in the efficacious treatment of patients by reduction of therapy options and subsequent treatment failure. Various mechanisms are described to be involved in the development of MDR with overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters reflecting the most extensively studied. These membrane transporters translocate a wide variety of substrates utilizing energy from ATP hydrolysis leading to decreased intracellular drug accumulation and impaired drug efficacy. One treatment strategy might be inhibition of transporter-mediated efflux by small molecules. Isocoumarins and 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins are a large group of natural products derived from various sources with great structural and functional variety, but have so far not been in the focus as potential MDR reversing agents. Thus, three natural products and nine novel 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins were designed and analyzed regarding cytotoxicity induction and inhibition of human ABC transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in a variety of human cancer cell lines as well as the yeast ABC transporter Pdr5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dual inhibitors of P-gp and BCRP and inhibitors of Pdr5 were identified, and distinct structure-activity relationships for transporter inhibition were revealed. The strongest inhibitor of P-gp and BCRP, which inhibited the transporters up to 80 to 90% compared to the respective positive controls, demonstrated the ability to reverse chemotherapy resistance in resistant cancer cell lines up to 5.6-fold. In the case of Pdr5, inhibitors were identified that prevented substrate transport and/or ATPase activity with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. However, cell toxicity was not observed. Molecular docking of the test compounds to P-gp revealed that differences in inhibition capacity were based on different binding affinities to the transporter. Thus, these small molecules provide novel lead structures for further optimization.
In the degradation of ammonia (NH4+) to gaseous nitrogen (N2), the nitrification is one of the two reaction steps. The nitrification itself is divided in two steps and is performed by two different types of bacteria. Current literature has shown that there are types of bacteria, which have the genetic equipment to perform both steps in one bacteria. Nevertheless, in wastewater and landfill leachate treatment, ammonia-oxidizing organisms (AOO) and nitrite-oxidizing organisms (NOO) occur as a symbiosis. The intermediate of the two consecutive reaction steps (NO2-, nitrite) is toxic. For this reason, both steps are necessary for the two bacterial groups. To determine the ratio of AOO, NOO and heterotrophic bacteria (which use organic compounds as carbon and energy source) the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) with selective inhibition with N-allylthiourea (ATU) and azide is used. In the inflow of a pilot plant in one street a step by step increased amount of a process water out of a fermentation plant was added to the landfill leachate. For comparison, the other street was supplied only with landfill leachate with the same amount of nitrogen. As a result, comparable values for the different bacterial groups and reproducible results were measured and lead to a better understanding of the analysed nitrification sludge. Deeper understanding of the behavior of the different groups will result in a reduce risk of malfunctions and a more stable operation in the wastewater or landfill leachate treatment plant.
In the last few decades raw material molasses, used in large scale fermentations in the production of bioethanol, citric acid, (baker´s) yeast and yeast extracts, has become more and more expensive. That is why agro-industrial wastes have become an interesting alternative. They are being produced in large volumes every day and represent a serious environmental problem considering its high organic content. The present contribution aims to demonstrate how waste products of wine production can be employed as substrate in bioethanol production. Cultivation of yeast and bioethanol production on molasses and grape pomace extract was studied in flasks in laboratory scale. This work should be regarded as an example of integrated sustainability which demonstrates how the waste from one industrial process is used as feedstock for another.
This paper summarizes the findings on marketing automation and suitable tools, especially for companies in the Start-Up and early development phases.
It is based on Nadine Männel's bachelor thesis, which was supervised by Prof. Dr. Monika Engelen from October to December 2018. In addition to researching the basic theory of Start-Ups and Marketing Automation, 12 tools were analysed for their usability in Start-Ups.
The core content of this paper is both to create an understanding of marketing automa-tion and to derive concrete recommendations for applicable tools for marketing automation.
In dieser Arbeit wurde eine Machbarkeitsstudie zur Speicherung von Wasserstoff in Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) anhand eines gewählten Stoffsystems, Dibenzyltoluen, durchgeführt. Die Arbeit umfasst Bilanzierungen und Auslegungen für eine reversible Hydrierung und Dehydrierung in zwei getrennten Anlagen. Eine class 4-Kostenschätzung bildet die Grundlage für eine Wirtschaftlichkeitsberechnung. So konnten die Technologieziele hinsichtlich der Speicherfähigkeiten nicht realisiert werden. Dennoch zeigen die ermittelten Produktionskosten die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit dieses Ansatzes.
Kontakt: Fabian.Piehl@outlook.com
The synthesis of 17-hydroxy-oleic acid based oligomeric esters was investigated with immobilized Pseudozyma antarctica Lipase B and hexanediol as co-substrate. The effects of different reaction parameters on velocity and product composition at equilibrium conditions were analyzed. The synthesis of oleic acid esters was used as a reference system for initial evaluation of reaction parameters. The reaction with oleic acid and hexanediol was fastest at an enzyme concentration of 5% at 60 °C and high conversions of > 90 % were achieved in non-polar solvents in the presence of molecular sieves. In heptane an oleic acid conversion of 96 % was reached with a final diester to monoester ratio of > 4:1. In syntheses trials with 17-hydroxy-oleic acid the formation of oligomers was verified with GPC, however; conversion was generally lower than with oleic acid. Removal of hydroxyl fatty acid monomers and dimers and the formation ester functionalities could be verified by GC analysis. An increase of the degree of oligomerization was observed simultaneously by GPC analysis. The number-average molecular weight was around 1400 in the best trials corresponding to a degree of oligomerization of around 4 units of hydroxyl-fatty acid attached to a hexanediol core. Though transformations were not complete, the final oligomer size was in the lower range of polyester diols used for polyurethane manufacturing.
The quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from aquatic ecosystems requires knowledge about the spatial and temporal dynamics of free gas in sediments. Freezing the sediment in situ offers a promising method for obtaining gas‐bearing sediment samples, unaffected by changes in hydrostatic pressure and sample temperature during core withdrawal and subsequent analysis. This article presents a novel freeze coring technique to preserve the in situ stratigraphy and gas bubble characteristics. Nondestructive X‐ray computed tomography (CT) scans were used to identify and characterize coring disturbances of gravity and freeze cores associated with gassy sediment, as well as the effect of the freezing process on the gas bubble characteristics. Real‐time X‐ray CT scans were conducted to visualize the progression of the freezing process. Additional experiments were conducted to determine the freezing rate to assess the probability of sediment particle/bubble migration, and gas bubble nucleation at the phase transition of pore water to ice. The performance of the freeze coring technique was evaluated under field conditions in Olsberg and Urft Reservoir (Germany). The results demonstrate the capability of the freeze coring technique for the preservation of gas‐bearing sediments and the analysis of gas bubble distribution pattern in both reservoirs. Nevertheless, the obtained cores showed that nearly all gravity and freeze cores show some degree of coring disturbances.
Der Rückversicherungsmarkt steht auch weiterhin vor großen Herausforderungen –
an dieser Stelle sollen nur zwei von diesen kurz angerissen werden.
Während die Erneuerung der Rückversicherungsverträge zum 1. Januar 2019 weitestgehend ‚risk adjusted flat‘ verlief, erfolgte die Erneuerung der Retrozessionsverträge ausgesprochen spät. Zum Zeitpunkt der Drucklegung dieses Jahresberichts 2018 (2. Januar 2019) ist der schlussendliche Trend noch nicht erkennbar. Es gibt jedoch Anzeichen für eine substantielle Preis- und Bedingungsverhärtung im Retrozessionsbereich. Dies würde dann die Rückversicherer, die von der Ressource Retrozessionskapazität abhängen, in die noch schwierigere Lage bringen, dass sich die
Retrozessionsnahme verteuert, diese Mehrkosten jedoch an die Zedenten unter ihren aktiven Rückversicherungsverträgen nicht weitergegeben werden können. Nicht zuletzt die BaFin wird sich in der für 2019 angekündigten Analyse des herrschenden
Rückversicherungspreisniveaus sicherlich auch diesem Aspekt widmen. Von Interesse wäre bezüglich der etwaigen Feststellung von insuffizienten Marktverhältnissen
insbesondere auch die daraus abgeleitete Reaktion der BaFin (und auf welcher Basis diese erfolgen würde).
Ausschlaggebend für eine mögliche Verhärtung des Retrozessionsmarktes wäre eine geänderte Haltung des Alternative Capitals, das in den letzten Jahren über ILS
Funds und andere Mechanismen bereits 50-70 % der Retrozessionskapazität – mit jeweils steigender Tendenz – zur Verfügung gestellt hat. Im Gegensatz zu den traditionellen Rückversicherern zeigten sich die ‚Innocent Investors‘ wie Pension Funds infolge der hohen Anzahl von Schäden auch in 2018 – insbesondere der California Wildfires in Q4-2018 – sowie des Verfalls des Fund Share Price zahlreicher ILS Funds vor der Erneuerung zum 1. Januar 2019 zunehmend nervös.
Eine weitere substantielle Belastung des Geschäftsklimas liegt in der völligen Unklarheit hinsichtlich der Modalitäten des Brexits am 29. März 2019 begründet. Ein
No-Deal Brexit erscheint eine reale – wenn nicht sogar wahrscheinliche – Alternative.
Dieser würde durch den Wegfall vieler EU-UK Verträge und Vereinbarungen ein großes Vakuum hinsichtlich Rechtssicherheit entstehen lassen.
Die Kölner Forschungsstelle Rückversicherung analysiert die aktuellen Entwicklungen des Rückversicherungsmarktes und begleitet diese gegebenenfalls durch Forschungsprojekte. Dabei verbindet die Kölner Forschungsstelle Rückversicherung ihre Forschungsaktivitäten mit der Rückversicherungspraxis. Hiermit und mit Hilfe der Durchführung des jährlichen Kölner Rückversicherungs-Symposiums und der
Jahrestagung des Förderkreises Rückversicherung wird ein bidirektionaler Wissenstransfer zwischen Theorie und Praxis betrieben.
- 5 -
Die Inhalte dieser beiden wissenschaftlichen Veranstaltungen sowie die bearbeiteten
Forschungsprojekte fließen in die Lehre an dem Institut für Versicherungswesen ein und komplettieren so die praxisorientierte Ausbildung in dem Bereich der Rückversicherung. In der Kölner Forschungsstelle Rückversicherung sind derzeit neun forschende und
zwei für das Wissenschaftsmanagement zuständige Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter beschäftigt. Dabei werden sämtliche Personal-, Sach- und Reisekosten vollständig aus Drittmitteln des Förderkreises Rückversicherung finanziert. Dem Förderkreis Rückversicherung, der Hochschulleitung und –verwaltung, ivwKöln sowie den Mitarbeitern der Kölner Forschungsstelle Rückversicherung gilt unser Dank
für die Unterstützung der Forschungsprojekte und Veranstaltungen im vergangenen Jahr.
Risk-based authentication (RBA) is an adaptive security measure to strengthen password-based authentication. RBA monitors additional implicit features during password entry such as device or geolocation information, and requests additional authentication factors if a certain risk level is detected. RBA is recommended by the NIST digital identity guidelines, is used by several large online services, and offers protection against security risks such as password database leaks, credential stuffing, insecure passwords and large-scale guessing attacks. Despite its relevance, the procedures used by RBA-instrumented online services are currently not disclosed. Consequently, there is little scientific research about RBA, slowing down progress and deeper understanding, making it harder for end users to understand the security provided by the services they use and trust, and hindering the widespread adoption of RBA.
In this paper, with a series of studies on eight popular online services, we (i) analyze which features and combinations/classifiers are used and are useful in practical instances, (ii) develop a framework and a methodology to measure RBA in the wild, and (iii) survey and discuss the differences in the user interface for RBA. Following this, our work provides a first deeper understanding of practical RBA deployments and helps fostering further research in this direction.
The electricity network is undergoing a change due to reducing costs for renewable energy sources. Subsidy programs for renewable energy sources are changing and the funding available is being reduced. This will have an impact on anaerobic digestion which in some cases may struggle financially. Overfeeding is one of the most common mechanisms of inhibition in the process, and by shifting to intermittent feeding for on-demand production, this change will provide more information about the digestion process and could be used to detect the beginning of inhibition due to overfeeding. This paper discusses the shift towards intermittent production and how this change can be used to monitor the anaerobic digestion process.
Water shortage and a rising water demand are prevalent issues on the political agenda worldwide. Available water resources must not only be provided to ensure a domestic and drinking water supply for a steadily increasing population but also for the growing industrial and agricultural sectors. This work outlines how the use of the innovative vacuum multi‐effect membrane distillation contributes to improve the water management efficiency in the following key industry sectors: desalination, drinking water and beverage industry, pharmaceutical, agro and chemical as well as oil and gas industry.
Bei Low-Code Entwicklungsplattformen handelt es sich um Lösungen zur Entwicklung und Bereitstellung von Software mit geringerem Anteil von Quelltext als in der Anwendungsentwicklung sonst erforderlich. Die Forschungsarbeit prüft, ob Low-Code Entwicklungsplattformen dazu geeignet sind, moderne webbasierte Geschäftsanwendungen umzusetzen. Dabei zeigt die Arbeit auf, wie Programmierparadigmen, Methoden der modellgetriebenen Softwareentwicklung (MDSD) und des Rappid Application Developments (RAD) als Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) Lösungen zur Anwendungsentwicklung durch Anbieter kombiniert werden. Aktuell offerierte Lösungen werden in einem Marktüberblick hinsichtlich ihrer Funktionalität und Anwendungszielgruppe eingeordnet.
Zur Klärung der Forschungsfrage werden gängige Anforderungen an eine Geschäftsanwendung gesammelt und deren Implementierung durch die prototypische Realisierung eines Anwendungsfalls mit der Low-Code Entwicklungsplattform Oracle Application Express (APEX) validiert. Auf dieser Basis zeigt die Arbeit den tatsächlich erforderlichen Quelltextanteil auf. Dabei werden jedoch auch funktionelle Einschränkungen sowie möglicheorganisatorische Risiken, z.B. durch Vendor Lock-In Effekte, dargestellt.