Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Article (149) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (149)
Keywords
- Risikomanagement (5)
- Erneuerbare Energien (4)
- Digitaler Zwilling (3)
- HIV (3)
- Heterogeneous Catalysis (3)
- Katastrophenmanagement (3)
- Katastrophenrisiko (3)
- Klimaänderung (3)
- Lyrik (3)
- Optimization (3)
- Phraseologie (3)
- Process Analytical Technology (PAT) (3)
- Resilienz (3)
- Sonnenenergie (3)
- Umweltbilanz (3)
- Virus-like Particles (VLPs) (3)
- Wärmeübertragung (3)
- Advanced Process Control (APC) (2)
- Analytical Solution (2)
- Bifacial Photovoltaic (2)
- Big Data Platform (2)
- Building Information Modeling (2)
- CO (2)
- CPPS (2)
- Cognition (2)
- Cumene Hydroperoxide (2)
- Digital Twin (2)
- Digital Twin (DT) (2)
- Disaster risk management (2)
- Disaster risk reduction (2)
- Fotovoltaik (2)
- Gene Therapy (2)
- Geoinformationssystem (2)
- Ghana (2)
- Heterogene Katalyse (2)
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (2)
- Industry 4.0 (2)
- Katalanistik (2)
- Kognition (2)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (2)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (2)
- LSTM (2)
- Life cycle assessment (2)
- Literatur / Übersetzung (2)
- Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulator (2)
- Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV) (2)
- Nachhaltigkeit (2)
- Naturgefahr (2)
- Neural Network (2)
- Neuronales Netz (2)
- Optimierung (2)
- Pellet (2)
- Photovoltaic Systems (2)
- Power System Simulation (2)
- Pragmatik (2)
- Quality-by-Design (QbD) (2)
- Real-Time-Release Testing (RTRT) (2)
- Remote sensing (2)
- Renewable Energy Simulation (2)
- Retroviral Vector (2)
- Scholarly Communication (2)
- Sendai Framework (2)
- Sensors (2)
- Sleeping Beauty Transposon (2)
- Solar Energy (2)
- Stirred-Tank Bioreactor (2)
- Suspension Cell (2)
- Urban water security (2)
- Virus-like particles (2)
- Water-scarce cities (2)
- Wärmespeicher (2)
- Zivilschutz (2)
- mRNA Transfection (2)
- Ökosystem (2)
- 11M41 (1)
- 11S80 (1)
- 3D Building Models (1)
- 3D Printed Electronics (1)
- 3D Printing (1)
- 3D Recovery (1)
- 4-dihydroisocoumarin (1)
- 60J10 (1)
- 60K30 (1)
- AGMD (1)
- AMHG (1)
- Abwasserbeseitigung (1)
- Acceptance (1)
- Activity Recognition (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Additive (1)
- Adolescents (1)
- Aerial Image (1)
- Affordability (1)
- Agrivoltaic (1)
- Akzeptanz (1)
- Albedo (1)
- Aldol Reaction (1)
- Algorithm Selection (1)
- All-Wheel Drive (1)
- Ambisonics (1)
- Ameisenalgorithmus (1)
- Amino Acids (1)
- Aminosäuren (1)
- Analytic hierarchy process (1)
- Analytical Method (1)
- Angewandte Mathematik (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Anthropomorphic robotic hands (1)
- Antimicrobial Activity (1)
- Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) (1)
- Antiretrovirale Substanz (1)
- Apfelsaft (1)
- Apple Juice (1)
- Apple Pomace (1)
- Applied Mathematics (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Arzneimittelresistenz (1)
- Assistive Technologies (1)
- Asymmetric Catalysis (1)
- Atomkrieg (1)
- Aufzug <Fördermittel> (1)
- Augmented Reality (1)
- AutoML (1)
- Autoclave (1)
- Autoklav (1)
- Automotive (1)
- Auxetic (1)
- Außenlufttemperatur (1)
- Azraq Basin (1)
- BEV (battery electric vehicle) (1)
- Baraka River Basin (1)
- Base-Catalyzed (1)
- Beamforming (1)
- Beamforming <Signalverarbeitung> (1)
- Bedarfsplanung (1)
- Bellman Equation (1)
- Bellman-Gleichung (1)
- Benefit-Cost Ratio (1)
- Benutzererlebnis (1)
- Benutzerverhalten (1)
- Bestärkendes Lernen <Künstliche Intelligenz> (1)
- Bewältigung (1)
- Bewässerung (1)
- Bibliometric Analysis (1)
- Binaural Rendering (1)
- Binaural Reproduction (1)
- Bio-Based Surfactants (1)
- Biofuel (1)
- Biogasgewinnung (1)
- Biosurfactants (1)
- Biotensid (1)
- Blast Impact (1)
- Blatt (1)
- Blind (1)
- Blinder Mensch (1)
- Blue and Green Infrastructure (1)
- Boiling (1)
- Brain wearables (1)
- Breast cancer resistance protein (1)
- Brennstoffzellenfahrzeug (1)
- Brine Recovery (1)
- Brustkrebs (1)
- Building Information Modeling (BIM) (1)
- Business Cycle Dating (1)
- Business Cycle Synchronization (1)
- C/N Ratio (1)
- C14 (1)
- C82 (1)
- CC (1)
- CHIRPS (1)
- CNT Dispersion (1)
- CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (1)
- CO<sub>2</sub> separation (1)
- COVID-19 Pandemic (1)
- Cancer chemotherapy (1)
- Capacity Factor of Wind Power (1)
- Capacity Gactor of Dolar Photovoltaics (1)
- Capital Injections (1)
- Carbon nanotubes (1)
- Cascading Impacts (1)
- Catalase (1)
- Catalysis (1)
- Catalyst Deactivation (1)
- Cationic Cyclization (1)
- Ccrop monitoring (1)
- Cellulose Acetate (1)
- Cellulose acetate (1)
- Celluloseacetat (1)
- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials (1)
- Chain Lines (1)
- Change Detection (1)
- Characterization and Analytical Techniques (1)
- Chatbots (1)
- Chemotherapie (1)
- Child–Robot Interaction (1)
- Chitin Deacetylase (1)
- Circular Economy (1)
- Circular economy (1)
- City expansion (1)
- Civil Engineering (1)
- Civil Protection (1)
- Classical and Continuum Physics (1)
- Climate Change (1)
- Climate Variability (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Climate change adaptation (1)
- Closed-Loop (1)
- Co-Authorship Network (1)
- Coaching (1)
- Cobalt Catalysis (1)
- Cognitive Demands (1)
- Colombia (1)
- Communication Studies (1)
- Compost (1)
- Compounding Event (1)
- Computer Science (1)
- Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks (1)
- Computerspiel (1)
- Conductivity (1)
- Confocal Microscopy (1)
- Contingency planning (1)
- Coping (1)
- Creative Commons (1)
- Critical infrastructure (1)
- Criticality assessment (1)
- Customer Engagement (1)
- Customer Participation Stress (1)
- Cyber-physical system (1)
- Cybersecurity (1)
- Cybersicherheit (1)
- Cyproconazole (1)
- Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer Approximation (1)
- Data Mining (1)
- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (1)
- Data Structures and Information Theory (1)
- Data usability (1)
- Database Management (1)
- Datenbanksysteme (1)
- Datenbankverwaltung (1)
- Datenstruktur (1)
- Decentralized Solar PV (1)
- Decile thresholding (1)
- Decision Tree (1)
- Decision-Support (1)
- Decision-making (1)
- Deep Learning (1)
- Definiens (1)
- Deforestation and forest degradation (1)
- Delf-Condensation (1)
- Denitrification (1)
- Denitrifikation (1)
- Dense phase carbon dioxide (1)
- Depositen (1)
- Desalination (1)
- Dielektrizitätszahl (1)
- Differentiable Line Fitting (1)
- Digital Design and Construction (1)
- Digital Triplet (1)
- Digital games (1)
- Digitale Lehre (1)
- Digitaltechnik (1)
- Dirichlet Characters (1)
- Dirichlet Series (1)
- Disaster Management (1)
- Disaster Resilience (1)
- Disaster Risk Management (1)
- Disaster risk (1)
- Discharge modeling (1)
- Discrete Risk Model (1)
- Disintegration (1)
- Diterpene (1)
- Diterpenes (1)
- Domain-Specific Academic Search (1)
- Drinking water (1)
- Drop Tower (1)
- Drug Resistance (1)
- Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance (1)
- E-Mobilität (1)
- E32 (1)
- E65 (1)
- EPDM (1)
- EV (electric vehicle) (1)
- Early Childhood Education (1)
- Eater User Sssociation (1)
- Economic Integration (1)
- Ecosystem (1)
- Ecosystem service valuation (1)
- Education (1)
- Efficient water management (1)
- Ehrenamtlicher Mitarbeiter (1)
- Elastische Konstante (1)
- Electric Vehicle (1)
- Electric drive (1)
- Electric vehicles (1)
- Electricity (1)
- Electrodialysis (1)
- Electrolysis (1)
- Electrolyte Recovery (1)
- Electrophysiology (1)
- Electroplating (1)
- Elektrifizierung (1)
- Elektrizität (1)
- Elektrizitätsversorgung (1)
- Elektroantrieb (1)
- Elektrodialyse (1)
- Elektrofahrzeug (1)
- Elektrolyse (1)
- Elektromobilität (1)
- Elektrophoretisches Beschichten (1)
- Elevator systems (1)
- Emergency Management (1)
- Emergency management (1)
- Emotionen (1)
- Emulgator (1)
- Emulsifiers (1)
- End-of-Life-Tires (1)
- Energy Absorption (1)
- Energy System Modeling (1)
- Energy System Optimisation (1)
- Energy indicators (1)
- Entsaltzung (1)
- Entscheidungsbaum (1)
- Entscheidungsfindung (1)
- Entscheidungsunterstützung (1)
- Entwaldung (1)
- Environmental (1)
- Enzyme Cascade (1)
- Equation (1)
- Ernte (1)
- Eucalyptus kraft lignin (1)
- Euler Factors (1)
- Euro (1)
- European Union (1)
- Evakuierung (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Evaluation Infrastructures (1)
- Evolutionary Computation (1)
- Evolutionärer Algorithmus (1)
- Experimental Characterization (1)
- Expertise (1)
- Explainable AI (1)
- Explainable Artificial Intelligence (1)
- Extra-Framework Aluminum (1)
- Extreme Precipitation Index (EPI) (1)
- F. oxysporum (1)
- Fatty alcohols (1)
- Fettalkohole (1)
- Filler dispersion (1)
- Finite element calculation (1)
- Flash Flood (1)
- Flexible biogas production (1)
- Flood Germany (1)
- Flood defense (1)
- Flood risk management (1)
- Fluid Flow (1)
- Fluid flow (1)
- Fluidpartikelströmung (1)
- Focus group discussions (1)
- Food-Energy Nexus (1)
- Formgebung (1)
- Fortbewegung (1)
- Fourier Transform (1)
- Freie Konvektion (1)
- Frontline Employees (1)
- Fused Filament Fabrication (1)
- GIS (1)
- GIS for Rural Electrification (1)
- GPU (1)
- Game design (1)
- Game-based learning (1)
- Gameplay loop (1)
- Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta (1)
- Gas Separation (1)
- Gas permeability (1)
- Gaseous hydrogen (1)
- Gaspermeation (1)
- Gebäudetechnik (1)
- Gelassenheitsbarometer (1)
- Generative Adversarial Networks (1)
- Geographic Information System (1)
- Geographic information system (1)
- Geography education research (1)
- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences (1)
- German Economy (1)
- Germany (1)
- Geschwindigkeitsverteilung (1)
- Gesundheitsgefährdung (1)
- Ghanaian health sector (1)
- Gitter-Boltzmann-Methode (1)
- Glioblastom (1)
- Glioblastoma (1)
- Glycosides (1)
- Glykoside (1)
- Google Earth Engine (1)
- Green Chemistry (1)
- Grid Load (1)
- Grid-integration (1)
- Ground Tire Rubber (1)
- Gruppeninterview (1)
- HIV Vaccines (1)
- HOMER Pro (1)
- HPODE (1)
- HRTF (1)
- Hand prostheses (1)
- Handprothese (1)
- Handschrift <Grafologie> (1)
- Handwriting (1)
- Haptic (1)
- Haptische Feedback-Technologie (1)
- Harmonization (1)
- Haustechnik (1)
- Hazardous Building Materials (1)
- Health Assessment (1)
- Health Monitoring (1)
- Health literacy (1)
- Healthy Ageing (1)
- Heat (1)
- Heat Transfer (1)
- Heat stress response (1)
- Heat transfer (1)
- Heranwachsender (1)
- Herstellung (1)
- Higher Education (1)
- High‐Pressure Reverse Osmosis (1)
- Hispanistik (1)
- Historical Prints (1)
- Hochschulbildung (1)
- Hochschullehre (1)
- Hochwasserschutz (1)
- Hock Cleavage (1)
- Hock cleavage (1)
- Household (1)
- Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK293) (1)
- Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells (HEK293) (1)
- Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (hiPSC)-Derived Neurons (1)
- Human Motion Capture (1)
- Hybrid Optimization (1)
- Hybrid renewable energy system (1)
- Hybrid storage (1)
- Hybrides System (1)
- Hybridfahrzeug (1)
- Hybridspeicher (1)
- Hydrogen sorption curves (1)
- Hydrogen uptake (1)
- Hydrogeologie (1)
- Hydrogeology (1)
- Hydrology/Water Resources (1)
- Hydrolyse (1)
- Hydrolysis (1)
- Hydroperoxides (1)
- Hydrovinylation (1)
- Hymexazol (1)
- Hypergravity (1)
- IFC (1)
- IT in Business (1)
- Image interpretation (1)
- Immersive Teaching (1)
- Impakt (1)
- Impedance spectroscopy (1)
- Implementation Challenges (1)
- In-Situ Oxygen Generation (1)
- Individual Psychological and Social Coping Resources (1)
- Industrial Chemistry (1)
- Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering (1)
- Industrial water management (1)
- Industrie 4.0 (1)
- Information Storage and Retrieval (1)
- Institutional Work (1)
- Internationality (1)
- Internationalität (1)
- Internet/web information (1)
- Interpolation (1)
- Introvision (1)
- Invertibility (1)
- Ion Exchange Resin (1)
- Ion Transport (1)
- Irrigation Advisory Dervice (1)
- Isophorone (1)
- Isotropic Conductive Adhesive (1)
- Jordanien (1)
- Journalism (1)
- Journalismus (1)
- K-nearest Neighbors (1)
- Katalase (1)
- Katalyse (1)
- Katastrophe (1)
- Kd-Tree (1)
- Kindergarten Settings (1)
- Kinetics (1)
- Kleinkindpädagogik (1)
- Konfokale Mikroskopie (1)
- Konzentrator (1)
- Kritische Infrastruktur (1)
- LCA (1)
- LOX (1)
- Ladeinfrastruktur (1)
- Ladestation (1)
- Land Equivalent Ratio (1)
- Land cover change (1)
- Land use and land cover change (1)
- Land use change (1)
- Land-Use Change (1)
- Land-use Data (1)
- Landfill Leachate (1)
- Landnutzung (1)
- Landsat (1)
- Langton’s ant (1)
- Laser assisted (1)
- Latin America and the Caribbean (1)
- Lattice Boltzmann Method (1)
- Learning Analytics (1)
- Legitimation (1)
- Lens Diseases (1)
- Lernspiel (1)
- Levelized Cost of Tenewable Hydrogen (1)
- Lexikographie (1)
- Libanon (1)
- Lightweight Structures (1)
- Line Detection (1)
- Line Parameterization (1)
- Line Segmentation (1)
- Linear Programming (1)
- Linguistik (1)
- Linoleic Acid (1)
- Linolsäure (1)
- Lipase (1)
- Lipasen (1)
- Lipoxygenase (1)
- Liquid Fractions of Anaerobic Digestate (1)
- Literatur (1)
- Lithium (1)
- Lithium-Ion Batteries (1)
- Llull (1)
- Load forecasting (1)
- Locomotion (1)
- Long-Term Change (1)
- Loss and Damage (1)
- Loss tangent (1)
- Luftbild (1)
- MABIA (1)
- MSW (1)
- Machine Learning (1)
- Macroencapsulated phase change materials (1)
- Makroverkapselte Phasenwechselmaterialien (1)
- Mammalian Cells (1)
- Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Test (1)
- Manual visual image interpretation (1)
- Manufacturing, Machines, Tools, Processes (1)
- Marine Natural Products (1)
- Martensitic stainless steel (1)
- Maschinelles Lernen (1)
- Mastery (1)
- Material Lifetime (1)
- Meaning (1)
- Mechanical effects (1)
- Mechanical properties (1)
- Mechatronic Systems (1)
- Media Sociology (1)
- Medizinische Einrichtung (1)
- Mehrwandige Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhre (1)
- Mekong River (1)
- Membran (1)
- Membrane Bioreactor (1)
- Membrane Distillation (1)
- Membrane Formation (1)
- Membrane Technology (1)
- Mental illness (1)
- Menthol (1)
- Mesquite (1)
- Metadata Analysis (1)
- Metaheuristics (1)
- Metaheuristik (1)
- Metaverse (1)
- Methane production (1)
- Methanproduktion (1)
- Metric Suite (1)
- Micro-hydroforming (1)
- Micro-tube drawing (1)
- Micro-tube testing (1)
- Micro-tubes (1)
- Microchannel (1)
- Microgravity (1)
- Microgrid (1)
- Microphone Arrays (1)
- Microwave (1)
- Migrant background (1)
- Migrationshintergrund (1)
- Mikrosystemtechnik (1)
- Mikrowelle (1)
- Missing Joints or Markers (1)
- Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) (1)
- Mixed matrix membranes (1)
- Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) (1)
- Mobility (1)
- Mobilität (1)
- Model Reduction (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modeling and Simulation (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modularization (1)
- Multi Objective Optimisation (1)
- Multi-Electrode Array (MEA) (1)
- Multi-Level Perspective (1)
- Multi-Material Printing (1)
- Multi-Risk (1)
- Multidimensional (1)
- Multidisciplinarity (1)
- Multidrug resistance (1)
- Multidrug-Resistenz (1)
- Multimodal Data (1)
- Multimodal data (1)
- Mystiker (1)
- Nafion (1)
- Natural convection (1)
- Natural hazard (1)
- Nature-Based Solutions (1)
- Nature-based Solutions (1)
- Navigation (1)
- Needs Assessment (1)
- Nematic liquid crystal (1)
- Nematische Phase (1)
- Neural Networks (1)
- Neural network (1)
- New Urban Agenda (1)
- Nigeria (Nord) (1)
- Nitrification (1)
- Nitrifikation (1)
- Non‐thermal microbial inactivation (1)
- Nusselt number (1)
- Nusselt-Zahl (1)
- Nutzerverhalten (1)
- Nutzfahrzeug (1)
- OER (1)
- OPC-UA (1)
- Oberflächenspannung (1)
- Object recognition (1)
- Older Adults (1)
- Online/Offline Evaluation (1)
- Ontologie (1)
- Ontology (1)
- Open BIM (1)
- Open Educational Ressources (1)
- Open Source (1)
- Operational Resources (1)
- Optimal Dividend Problem (1)
- Optimisation (1)
- Orientation (1)
- Orientierung (1)
- P-Glykoprotein (1)
- P-glycoprotein (1)
- P. Infestans (1)
- PI-Regler (1)
- PLC (1)
- PV microgrid (1)
- PVGIS (1)
- PVWatts (1)
- PX-12 (1)
- Paper Structure (1)
- Parametric model (1)
- Paranormality (1)
- Partnerstadt (1)
- Pasteurization (1)
- Pdr5 (1)
- Pectin (1)
- Peer Exclusion (1)
- Pektine (1)
- Pellets (1)
- Perception (1)
- Perceptual Evaluation (1)
- Permeate‐Sided Pressure Drop (1)
- Permittivity (1)
- Pharmaceutical-Grade Water (1)
- Pharmacotherapy (1)
- Pharmacy (1)
- Pharmazie (1)
- Phase Inversion (1)
- Photovoltaic systems (1)
- Phraseologisches Äquivalent (1)
- Phraseologismen in der Werbung (1)
- Phraseologismen in literarischen Texten (1)
- Plasma Treatment (1)
- Plastische Deformation (1)
- Policy relevance (1)
- Political Communication (1)
- Polyamide 6.6 Reinforced with 30% w/w Glass Fibres (1)
- Polyimide (1)
- Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (1)
- Polymer nanocomposite materials (1)
- Polyole (1)
- Polytelic conflicts (1)
- Polyurethane (1)
- Porous Media (1)
- Porous Polymer Membranes (1)
- Portal <Internet> (1)
- Potential Analysis (1)
- Potenzialanalyse (1)
- Powertrain (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Primary 91B30 (1)
- Primary: 11R23 (1)
- Principal Component Analysis (1)
- Probemlösen (1)
- Problem-solving (1)
- Process Optimization (1)
- Professional Dervices (1)
- Proportional integral controllers (1)
- Prosthetic fingers (1)
- Protein Production (1)
- Prozessoptimierung (1)
- Prävention (1)
- Pseudo-randomness (1)
- Psychische Störung (1)
- Psychomotor Learning (1)
- Pure Water (1)
- PyPSA (1)
- Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse (1)
- Qualitative content analysis (1)
- Qualitative research (1)
- RNA-seq (1)
- Radnabenmotor (1)
- Rapid Stream Assessment (1)
- Reaktionskinetik (1)
- Recession (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Recycling (1)
- Red Soil (1)
- Reference Architecture (1)
- Regressionsanalyse (1)
- Regularized Bernoulli Distributions (1)
- Reim (1)
- Reinforcement Learning (1)
- Reluktanzmaschine (1)
- Renewable Energy Penetration (1)
- Renewable Technologies (1)
- Renewable energy (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Research Gap (1)
- Resilience (1)
- Response (1)
- Retroviren (1)
- Retroviruses (1)
- Reverse Osmosis (1)
- Rezession (1)
- Rhodes (1)
- Risikofaktor (1)
- Risk Monitoring (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- Risk management (1)
- River Restoration (1)
- River width (1)
- Road network (1)
- Robot Ethics (1)
- Roboterhand (1)
- Robotic fingers (1)
- Rohr (1)
- Rotational viscosity (1)
- Rotor-Stator System (RS) (1)
- Rotor-stator system (RS) (1)
- Rule Learning (1)
- Rural Electrification (1)
- Rural electrification (1)
- Räumliche Statistik (1)
- SAR (1)
- SARIMA (1)
- SMBO (1)
- STEM – Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (1)
- Sandwich-Structured Composites (1)
- Sanitation (1)
- Satellit (1)
- Satellite Imagery (1)
- Satellite Precipitation Estimate (SPE) (1)
- Satellitenbild (1)
- Scetone (1)
- Schleuderbeschichten (1)
- Scientific Events (1)
- Secondary 60G42 (1)
- Secondary: 11R42 (1)
- Sector Coupling (1)
- Sektorkopplung (1)
- Selbstreflexion (1)
- Selbstreflexionsinstrument (1)
- Selbstregulation (1)
- Selbststeuerung (1)
- Selbstwirksamkeit (1)
- Selective Oxygen Uptake Rate (1)
- Self (1)
- Self-Efficacy (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Sensorised fingers (1)
- Sentinel 2 (1)
- Sentinel-1 (1)
- Severe plastic deformation (1)
- Shear stress (1)
- Shelter planning (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Sister-Cities (1)
- Smart Meter Gateway (1)
- Social Robotics (1)
- Social Sciences, general (1)
- Societal resilience (1)
- Socio-economic (1)
- Soft sensor (1)
- Solar-Photovoltaics (1)
- Solar-Powered Irrigation (1)
- Sonnenergie (1)
- Sophorolipids (1)
- Soziale Robotik (1)
- Spatial Analysis (1)
- Spatial Audio Reproduction (1)
- Specific heat transfer power (1)
- Spezifische Wärmeübertragungsleistung (1)
- Spherical Microphone Arrays (1)
- Spin Coating (1)
- Spiral‐Wound Element (1)
- Splay elastic constant (1)
- Stadt (1)
- Steer-by-Wire Systems (1)
- Steer-by-wire (1)
- Steuer (1)
- Straßennetz (1)
- Stress (1)
- Stromtankstelle (1)
- Sufismus (1)
- Supported Thin Films (1)
- Surface Tension (1)
- Surrogate (1)
- Sustainability Transition (1)
- Sustainability assessment (1)
- Sustainable Urban Planning (1)
- Sustainable development (1)
- Switched reluctance machine (1)
- Synergie (1)
- Synergism (1)
- TXNIP (1)
- Table Tennis (1)
- Tacrolimus (1)
- Tactile Vision Sensory Substitution (1)
- Tactile sensors (1)
- Taktiler Sensor (1)
- Tax (1)
- Taxonomie (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- Technological Innovation System (1)
- Temperature profiles (1)
- Temperaturverteilung (1)
- Tensile Strain‐at‐Break (1)
- Teterogeneous Catalysis (1)
- Textlinguistik (1)
- Therapie (1)
- Thermal desorption spectroscopy (1)
- Thermal properties (1)
- Thermal storage (1)
- Thermische Desorptionsspektroskopie (1)
- Thermische Speicher (1)
- Thioredoxin (1)
- Thioredoxine (1)
- Three-Roll-Mill (TRM) (1)
- Tidal River Management (1)
- Tiered Electrification (1)
- Time Series Prediction (1)
- Time series (1)
- Time‐dependent charge function (1)
- Tischtennis (1)
- Toker Delta (1)
- Torus (1)
- Tourism (1)
- Tourismus (1)
- Training (1)
- Transactional Stress Theory (1)
- Transcriptome sequencing (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transhumanism (1)
- Transposon Vector (1)
- Tree leaf (1)
- Trend Analysis (1)
- Trendanalyse (1)
- Triebstrang (1)
- Trinkwasser (1)
- Tropical forests (1)
- Tropischer Wald (1)
- Troubadourlyrik (1)
- Turbulence Decay (1)
- Twinster (1)
- Two Barrier Strategy (1)
- Ultrasonic sonotrode (USS) (1)
- Umgekehrte Osmose (1)
- Umwandlung (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Uncertainty analyses (1)
- Urban Sprawl (1)
- Urban sprawl (1)
- User Experience (1)
- VIPV (1)
- VMD (1)
- Vacuum multi‐effect membrane distillation (1)
- Van der Waals gas (1)
- Varbon Dioxide Reduction (1)
- Vehicle Dynamic Systems (1)
- Velocity Slip (1)
- Velocity profiles (1)
- Verstärkung (1)
- Vietnam (1)
- Virtual Acoustics (1)
- Virtual Sensor (1)
- Virtueller Sensor (1)
- Virus Replication (1)
- Virus-like Particles (1)
- Visually Impaired (1)
- Vitamins (1)
- Voluntary Helpers (1)
- Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) (1)
- Volunteers (1)
- Wachstum (1)
- Wahrnehmung (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Wassermangel (1)
- Wassersicherstellung (1)
- Wasserstoffaufnahme (1)
- Wasserwirtschaft (1)
- Wastewater Treatment (1)
- Water Circularity (1)
- Water Electrolysis (1)
- Water Governance (1)
- Water Mmanagement (1)
- Water Recycling (1)
- Water Strategy (1)
- Water reuse (1)
- Wearable (1)
- Weissagung (1)
- West Africa (1)
- Westafrika (1)
- Wheel hub motor (1)
- Wiederverwendung (1)
- Wind (1)
- Wirtschaftliche Integration (1)
- Wissensextraktion (1)
- Wood Science & Technology (1)
- Wärmespeicherauslegung (1)
- Young adults (1)
- Zeit‐Ladefunktion (1)
- Zeolites (1)
- Zeolith (1)
- Zwischenfruchtbau (1)
- bio-based (1)
- calibration (1)
- catch crops (1)
- civil contingency planning (1)
- civil defense (1)
- contingency planning (1)
- cumulative root-length (1)
- de Finetti Model (1)
- definition (1)
- disaster management (1)
- disaster risk (1)
- disaster risk management (1)
- disaster risk reduction (1)
- eco‐hydrology (1)
- equivalence (1)
- evacuation (1)
- fallout (1)
- floodwater harvesting (1)
- gated recurrent unit neural network (GRU NN) (1)
- grid modeling (1)
- head-related transfer function (1)
- human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (1)
- hydroxyl fatty acid based polyols (1)
- iNGN (1)
- individual HRTFs (1)
- interpolation (1)
- irregular sampling (1)
- katalanische Lyrik (1)
- land‐cover classification (1)
- lithium-ion batteries (1)
- mRNA Splicing (1)
- mapping of hazard and risk (1)
- narrative synthesis (1)
- nuclear war (1)
- p-adic L-Functions (1)
- p-adic Measures (1)
- phraseography (1)
- platform chemicals (1)
- polyol (1)
- polyurethane (1)
- pressure injury (1)
- prevention (1)
- real-world data (1)
- reduction (1)
- regression analysis (1)
- remaining-useful-life (RUL) (1)
- risk factors (1)
- risk geographies (1)
- root distribution (1)
- sophorolipid-based polyols (1)
- spatial audio (1)
- spherical harmonics (1)
- systematic review (1)
- treatment (1)
- viability analysis (1)
- zeigenössische Lyrik (1)
- {2-(3-R-1 (1)
- Äquivalent (1)
- Übersetzung (1)
- Übersetzung der Phraseologismen (1)
- Überwachung (1)
- Überwachungstechnik (1)
Faculty
- Angewandte Naturwissenschaften (F11) (29)
- Fakultät 12 / Institut für Technologie und Ressourcenmanagement in den Tropen und Subtropen (21)
- Fakultät 09 / Institut für Rettungsingenieurwesen und Gefahrenabwehr (11)
- Fakultät 10 / Institut Allgemeiner Maschinenbau (11)
- Fakultät 03 / Institut für Translation und Mehrsprachige Kommunikation (8)
- Fakultät 09 / Institut für Produktentwicklung und Konstruktionstechnik (8)
- Fakultät 07 / Institut für Nachrichtentechnik (7)
- Fakultät 09 / Institut Anlagen und Verfahrenstechnik (7)
- Fakultät 09 / Cologne Institute for Renewable Energy (6)
- Fakultät 03 / Institut für Informationswissenschaft (4)
El presente artículo trata aspectos teóricos y prácticos de la traducción poética, concretamente de la traducción de poemas rimados, entre otras cosas con el objetivo de rebatir algunos clichés que se han ido afincando en España en la mentalidad de no pocos críticos y también de algunos traductores.
Das Ziel des vorliegenden Aufsatzes ist es, einen wichtigen Irrtum, der bei der Übersetzung einer der Maximen des Llibre d’amic e amat in die modernen Kultursprachen immer wieder auftaucht, aufzuzeigen und dessen Ursachen zu untersuchen. Es wurden Übersetzungen ins Deutsche, Englische, Französische, Spanische, Portugiesische und Italienische herangezogen. Zudem sollen grundsätzliche Unzulänglichkeiten bei der Übersetzung der Leidensmetaphorik in mystischen Texten besprochen werden.
Mojave. Així es titula el darrer recull d’August Bover. És un llibre que conté en total tres poemes, escrits en català i traduïts a l’anglès i al francès: una plaquette de 17 pàgines que es despleguen i formen tríptics trilingües. Tal com indica el nom del recull, tots tres poemes estan dedicats al gran desert californià i als pobles nadius nord-americans.
La presente comunicación se sitúa dentro del campo de la metodología fraseográfica bilingüe español-alemán y tiene por objeto tratar algunos aspectos relacionados con el definiens: se analizarán a) posibles alternativas; b) la conveniencia de recurrir, en algunos casos, a paráfrasis explicativas en la lengua terminal y las dificultades que ello implica; y c) el trato que deben recibir los equivalentes fraseológicos parciales, contextuales y unidireccionales. También se abordará la cuestión de cómo hay que citar ciertas unidades fraseológicas verbales del alemán en caso de que constituyan equivalentes a unidades del español y de cómo este hecho influye en la microestructura del diccionario.
Katalanische Lyrik heute
(2008)
En este artículo se estudia la función pragmática de las unidades fraseológicas idiomáticas del español de España en lo que a la comunicación de emociones se refiere. Nuestro análisis nos conduce a la conclusión de que un buen número de unidades fraseológicas expresan intensidad emotiva, e incluso nos atrevemos a afirmar que ello constituye una característica esencial al menos del sistema fraseológico del español. Esto es, las locuciones no tienen la función de indicar que alguien está contento, triste o enfadado, sino que suelen indicar que alguien está muy contento, muy triste o muy enfadado. En general, pensamos que las unidades fraseológicas son elementos idóneos para la transmisión de estados emotivos, dada su vaguedad característica, resultado del proceso de desemantización, lo cual concuerda con el carácter difuso de las emociones, y dados sus niveles de significado y su estructura interna.
El libro que comentamos representa una selección temática de los trabajos expuestos en el Congreso Internacional de Fraseología y Paremiología, celebrado en Santiago de Compostela del 18 al 22 de septiembre de 2006, e incluye trabajos en parte muy dispares y en parte coincidentes en cuanto al tema y al enfoque, cuyo común denominador es el análisis de las unidades fraseológicas desde el punto de vista de la lingüística de texto.
Thioredoxin (Trx) overexpression is known to be a cause of chemotherapy resistance in various tumor entities. However, Trx effects on resistance are complex and depend strictly on tissue type. In the present study, we analyzed the impact of the Trx system on intrinsic chemoresistance of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells to cytostatic drugs. Resistance of GBM cell lines and primary cells to drugs and signaling inhibitors was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Impact of Trx inhibition on apoptosis was investigated by proteome profiling of a subset of proteins and annexin V apoptosis assays. Trx-interacting protein (TXNIP) was overexpressed by transfection and protein expression was determined by immunoblotting. Pharmacological inhibition of Trx by 1-methyl-2-imidazolyl-disulfide (PX-12) reduced viability of three GBM cell lines, induced expression of active caspase-3, and reduced phosphorylation of AKT-kinase and expression of β-catenin. Sensitivity to cisplatin could be restored by both PX-12 and recombinant expression of the upstream Trx inhibitor TXNIP, respectively.
In addition, PX-12 also sensitized primary human GBM cells to temozolomide. Combined inhibition of Trx and the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway resulted in massive cell death. We conclude that the Trx system and the PI3K pathway act as a sequential cascade and could potentially present a new drug target.
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumors and pathogens remains a major problem in the efficacious treatment of patients by reduction of therapy options and subsequent treatment failure. Various mechanisms are described to be involved in the development of MDR with overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters reflecting the most extensively studied. These membrane transporters translocate a wide variety of substrates utilizing energy from ATP hydrolysis leading to decreased intracellular drug accumulation and impaired drug efficacy. One treatment strategy might be inhibition of transporter-mediated efflux by small molecules. Isocoumarins and 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins are a large group of natural products derived from various sources with great structural and functional variety, but have so far not been in the focus as potential MDR reversing agents. Thus, three natural products and nine novel 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins were designed and analyzed regarding cytotoxicity induction and inhibition of human ABC transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in a variety of human cancer cell lines as well as the yeast ABC transporter Pdr5 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Dual inhibitors of P-gp and BCRP and inhibitors of Pdr5 were identified, and distinct structure-activity relationships for transporter inhibition were revealed. The strongest inhibitor of P-gp and BCRP, which inhibited the transporters up to 80 to 90% compared to the respective positive controls, demonstrated the ability to reverse chemotherapy resistance in resistant cancer cell lines up to 5.6-fold. In the case of Pdr5, inhibitors were identified that prevented substrate transport and/or ATPase activity with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. However, cell toxicity was not observed. Molecular docking of the test compounds to P-gp revealed that differences in inhibition capacity were based on different binding affinities to the transporter. Thus, these small molecules provide novel lead structures for further optimization.
Water shortage and a rising water demand are prevalent issues on the political agenda worldwide. Available water resources must not only be provided to ensure a domestic and drinking water supply for a steadily increasing population but also for the growing industrial and agricultural sectors. This work outlines how the use of the innovative vacuum multi‐effect membrane distillation contributes to improve the water management efficiency in the following key industry sectors: desalination, drinking water and beverage industry, pharmaceutical, agro and chemical as well as oil and gas industry.
Resilience in relation to flood risk management (FRM) is not a new concept, yet parts of the FRM community are still struggling to apply it. The main challenge this study addresses is the question as to whether parts of the FRM community should still adopt, or rather “leap‐frog,” resilience. The main purpose is to evaluate whether resilience is a still on‐going trend or, already subsiding. Research suggests that resilience is an on‐going trend that connects research and policy and has gained international recognition as expressed by international guidelines and bodies promoting its research but also its operationalization. Academic literature in the area of FRM also shows a significant continuing development. Resilience enables to analyze dynamics and transformations of riverine areas, or coastal zones in connection to an integrated social‐environmental system approach with more emphasis and conceptual basis than previous concepts. Resilience is more than a short‐lived notion and it appears that FRM researchers cannot avoid addressing it. Resilience often is a convergence of ideas and mainstreaming of efforts, which in many venues is absolutely necessary and can help, for example, to decrease silo‐thinking. But as academics, we have a mandate to remain skeptical and remain on the look‐out for novel ideas, too.
This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Life cycle assessment is a crucial tool in evaluating systems performances for sustainability and decision-making. This paper provided environmental impact of integrating renewable energy systems to the utility-grid based on a baseline optimized energy production data from “HOMER” for renewable systems modelling of a site in northern Nigeria. The ultimate goal was to ascertain the best hybrid option(s) in sustaining the environment. Different assumptions and scenarios were modelled and simulated using Ganzleitlichen Bilanz (GaBi). Uncertainty analysis was ensured to the impact data based on pedigree-matrix and Excel-program, as well as overall policy relevance. The results of the impact categories revealed first scenario (i.e., conventional path-based) with the highest impacts on global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), human toxicity potential (HTP), and abiotic depletion potential (ADP fossils). The lowest impacts arise in
the renewable-based scenarios for all the considered categories except the Ozone-layer depletion potential Category where the highest contribution falls in the third scenario (i.e., photovoltaic (PV)/biomass-biogas system) although all values being infinitesimal. In quantitative terms, the reduction in the GWP from the highest being the first scenario to the lowest being the fourth scenario (i.e., wind/biomass-biogas system) was 96.5%. Hence, with the outstanding contributions of the hybrid renewable systems, adopting them especially the lowest impact scenarios with expansions is relevant for environmental sustainability.
This contribution deals with the topic of the consistent further development of a wheel hub motor for battery electric vehicles (BEV) based on the principle of an outer rotor switched reluctance machine (SRM). The research work presented in this paper was founded by the ERDF.NRW program, Investment for Growth and Employment and the European Regional Development Fund. The R&D project was named Switched - Reluctance fo(u)r wheel (SR4Wheel). Based on the experience made by first prototype Evolution 0 (EVO 0), developed in the Laboratory for Automation Engineering, Power Electronics and Electrical Drives of the Cologne University of Applied Sciences (CUAS), the test results of EVO 1, as well as the redesign, EVO 2 is presented in this paper.
The prototype EVO 0, a first proof of concept leads to several optimizations and lessons learned for the predecessor model EVO 1. The overall target of developing such a gearless outer rotor wheel hub motor is the full integration of the complete machine including its power electronics into the given space between the original friction brake and the rim. Furthermore, due to the additional integration of the power electronics, great opportunities in terms of new vehicle design as well as retrofitting capabilities of already existing vehicle platforms can be achieved. Thereby, further drive train assembly space like the engine compartment is no longer necessary. The SRM does not require magnets for torque production which leads to independence from the changeable commodity prices on the rare earth element markets. This paper presents the developing process, testing, and verification of the innovative drive train concept starting with the final CAD of EVO 1. During the testing and verification process a machine characteristic mapping is performed on a drive train test bench and subsequently the results of a finite element analysis (FEA) are plausibility checked by the test bench results. The process continues with energy conversion test scenarios of the project demonstrator vehicle on a roller test bench focused on noise vibrationharshness (NVH) behavior and efficiency. As a conclusion, the gained knowledge by evaluating two EVO 1 prototypes on the rear axle of the test vehicle, and the design for the front axle drive train EVO 2 will be presented. As a major task on the front axle, the limited space due to the large disc brake can be identified and solved.
The quantification of greenhouse gas emissions from aquatic ecosystems requires knowledge about the spatial and temporal dynamics of free gas in sediments. Freezing the sediment in situ offers a promising method for obtaining gas‐bearing sediment samples, unaffected by changes in hydrostatic pressure and sample temperature during core withdrawal and subsequent analysis. This article presents a novel freeze coring technique to preserve the in situ stratigraphy and gas bubble characteristics. Nondestructive X‐ray computed tomography (CT) scans were used to identify and characterize coring disturbances of gravity and freeze cores associated with gassy sediment, as well as the effect of the freezing process on the gas bubble characteristics. Real‐time X‐ray CT scans were conducted to visualize the progression of the freezing process. Additional experiments were conducted to determine the freezing rate to assess the probability of sediment particle/bubble migration, and gas bubble nucleation at the phase transition of pore water to ice. The performance of the freeze coring technique was evaluated under field conditions in Olsberg and Urft Reservoir (Germany). The results demonstrate the capability of the freeze coring technique for the preservation of gas‐bearing sediments and the analysis of gas bubble distribution pattern in both reservoirs. Nevertheless, the obtained cores showed that nearly all gravity and freeze cores show some degree of coring disturbances.
Metallic tubular micro-components play an important role in a broad range of products,
from industrial microsystem technology, such as medical engineering, electronics and optoelectronics, to sensor technology or microfluidics. The demand for such components is increasing, and forming processes can present a number of advantages for industrial manufacturing. These include, for example, a high productivity, enhanced shaping possibilities, applicability of a wide spectrum of materials and the possibility to produce parts with a high stiffness and strength. However, certain difficulties arise as a result of scaling down conventional tube forming processes to the microscale. These include not only the influence of the known size effects on material and friction behavior, but also constraints in the feasible miniaturization of forming tools. Extensive research work has been conducted over the past few years on micro-tube forming techniques, which deal with the development of novel and optimized processes, to counteract these restrictions. This paper reviews the relevant advances in micro-tube fabrication and shaping. A particular focus is enhancement in forming possibilities, accuracy and obtained component characteristics, presented in the reviewed research work. Furthermore, achievements in severe plastic deformation for micro-tube generation and in micro-tube testing methods are discussed.
Anaerobic digestion plants have the potential to produce biogas on demand to help balance renewable energy production and energy demand by consumers. A proportional integral (PI) controller is constructed and tuned with a novel tuning method to control biogas production in an optimal manner. In this approach, the proportional part of the controller is a function of the feeding rate and system's degree of stability. To estimate the degree of stability, a simulation‐based soft sensor is developed. By means of the PI controller, the requirement for gas storage capacity of the digester is reduced by approximately 30 % compared to a constant, continuous feeding regime of the digester.
Achieving urban water security is a major challenge for many countries. While several studies have assessed water security at a regional level, many studies have also emphasized the lack of assessment of water security and application of measures to achieve it at the urban level.
Recent studies that have focused on measuring urban water security are not holistic, and there is still no agreed-upon understanding of how to operationalize and identify an assessment framework to measure the current state and dynamics of water security. At present, there is also no clearly defined and widely endorsed definition of urban water security. To address this challenge, this study provides a systematic approach to better understand urban water security, with a working definition and an assessment framework to be applied in peri-urban and urban areas. The proposed working definition of urban water security is based on the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goal on water and sanitation and the human rights on water and sanitation. It captures issues of urban-level technical, environmental, and socio-economic indicators that emphasize credibility, legitimacy, and salience.
The assessment framework depends on four main dimensions to achieve urban water security: Drinking water and human beings, ecosystem, climate change and water-related hazards, and socio-economic factors (DECS). The framework further enables the analysis of relationships and trade-off between urbanization and water security, as well as between DECS indicators. Applying this framework will help governments, policy-makers, and water stakeholders to target scant resources more eff ectively and sustainably. The study reveals that achieving urban water security requires a holistic and integrated approach with collaborative stakeholders to provide a meaningful way to improve understanding and managing urban water security.
Ecosystems provide a wide range of goods, services or ecosystem services (ES) to society. Estimating the impact of land use and land cover (LULC) changes on ES values (ESV) is an important tool to support decision making. This study used remote sensing and GIS tools to analyze LULC change and transitions from 2001 to 2016 and assess its impact on ESV in a tropical forested landscape in the southern plains of Nepal. The total ESV of the landscape for the year 2016 is estimated at USD 1264 million year−1. As forests are the dominant land cover class and have high ES value per hectare, they have the highest contribution in total ESV. However, as a result of LULC change (loss of forests, water bodies, and agricultural land), the total ESV of the landscape has declined by USD 11 million year−1. Major reductions come from the loss in values of climate regulation, water supply, provision of raw materials and food production. To halt the ongoing loss of ES and maintain the supply and balance of different ES in the landscape, it is important to properly monitor, manage and utilize ecosystems. We believe this study will inform policymakers, environmental managers, and the general public on the ongoing changes and contribute to developing effective land use policy in the region.
Grasping and manipulation with anthropomorphic robotic and prosthetic hands presents a scientific challenge regarding mechanical design, sensor system, and control. Apart from the mechanical design of such hands, embedding sensors needed for closed-loop control of grasping tasks remains a hard problem due to limited space and required high level of integration of different components. In this paper we present a scalable design model of artificial fingers, which combines mechanical design and embedded electronics with a sophisticated multi-modal sensor system consisting of sensors for sensing normal and shear force, distance, acceleration, temperature, and joint angles. The design is fully parametric, allowing automated scaling of the fingers to arbitrary dimensions in the human hand spectrum. To this end, the electronic parts are composed of interchangeable modules that facilitate the echanical scaling of the fingers and are fully enclosed by the mechanical parts of the finger. The resulting design model allows deriving freely scalable and multimodally sensorised fingers for robotic and prosthetic hands. Four physical demonstrators are assembled and tested to evaluate the approach.
Sensors can monitor physical attributes and record multimodal data in order to provide feedback. The application calligraphy trainer, exploits these affordances in the context of handwriting learning. It records the expert’s handwriting performance to compute an expert model. The application then uses the expert model to provide guidance and feedback to the learners.
However, new learners can be overwhelmed by the feedback as handwriting learning is a tedious task. This paper presents the pilot study done with the calligraphy trainer to evaluate the mental effort induced by various types of feedback provided by the application. Ten participants, five in the control group and five in the treatment group, who were Ph.D. students in the technology-enhanced learning domain, took part in the study. The participants used the application to learn three characters from the Devanagari script. The results show higher mental effort in the treatment group when all types of feedback are provided simultaneously. The mental efforts for individual feedback were similar to the control group. In conclusion, the feedback provided by the calligraphy trainer does not impose high mental effort and, therefore, the design considerations of the calligraphy trainer can be insightful for multimodal feedback designers.
Editorial
(2020)
One-step preparation of bilayered films from kraft lignin and cellulose acetate to mimic tree bark
(2020)
This contribution presents the development of a dry-cast method for the one-step preparation of bio-based films from wood polymers that mimic the bilayered structure of tree bark, the natural protective layer of the tree. In a simplified view, natural bark can be considered as the superposition of an external homogeneous and non-porous layer (outer bark) and a porous substructure layer (inner bark). This work is a first step for the future development of bio-based biomimetic wood coatings. The film had a bark-like appearance and its total density, bulk density and porosity were similar to values measured in natural bark. Furthermore, the structural characteristics of the studied film, namely specific surface area (BET) and pore size distribution, as well as the performance of the water adsorption ability were investigated and discussed.
This paper introduces CAAI, a novel cognitive architecture for artificial intelligence in cyber-physical production systems. The goal of the architecture is to reduce the implementation effort for the usage of artificial intelligence algorithms. The core of the CAAI is a cognitive module that processes the user’s declarative goals, selects suitable models and algorithms, and creates a configuration for the execution of a processing pipeline on a big data platform. Constant observation and evaluation against performance criteria assess the performance of pipelines for many and different use cases. Based on these evaluations, the pipelines are automatically adapted if necessary. The modular design with well-defined interfaces enables the reusability and extensibility of pipeline components. A big data platform implements this modular design supported by technologies such as Docker, Kubernetes, and Kafka for virtualization and orchestration of the individual components and their communication. The implementation of the architecture is evaluated using a real-world use case. The prototypic implementation is accessible on GitHub and contains a demonstration.
The paper presents results of the modelling of heat transfer at film boiling of a liquid in a porous medium on a vertical heated wall bordering with the porous medium. Such processes are observed at cooling of high-temperature surfaces of heat pipes, microstructural radiators etc. Heating conditions at the wall were the constant wall temperature or heat flux. The outer boundary of the vapor film was in contact with moving or stationary liquid inside the porous medium. An analytical solution was obtained for the problem of fluid flow and heat transfer using the porous medium model in the Darcy–Brinkman and Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer approximation. It was shown that heat transfer at film boiling in a porous medium was less intensive than in the absence of a porous medium (free fluid flow) and further decreased with the decreasing permeability of the porous medium. Significant differences were observed in frames of both models: 20% for small Darcy numbers at Da < 2 for the Darcy–Brinkman model, and 80% for the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer model. In the Darcy–Brinkman model, depending on the interaction conditions at the vapor–liquid interface (no mechanical interaction or stationary fluid), a sharp decrease in heat transfer was observed for the Darcy numbers lower than five. The analytical predictions of heat transfer coefficients qualitatively agreed with the data of Cheng and Verma (Int J Heat Mass Transf 24:1151–1160, 1981) though demonstrated lower values of heat transfer coefficients for the conditions of the constant wall temperature and constant wall heat flux.
Stable recombinant mammalian cells are of growing importance in pharmaceutical biotechnology production scenarios for biologics such as monoclonal antibodies, growth and blood factors, cytokines and subunit vaccines. However, the establishment of recombinant producer cells using classical stable transfection of plasmid DNA is hampered by low stable gene transfer efficiencies. Consequently, subsequent selection of transgenic cells and the screening of clonal cell populations are time- and thus cost-intensive. To overcome these limitations, expression cassettes were embedded into transposon-derived donor vectors. Upon the co-transfection with transposase-encoding constructs, elevated vector copy numbers stably integrated into the genomes of the host cells are readily achieved facilitating under stringent selection pressure the establishment of cell pools characterized by sustained and high-yield recombinant protein production. Here, we discuss some aspects of transposon vector technologies, which render these vectors promising candidates for their further utilization in the production of biologics.
Academic search systems aid users in finding information covering specific topics of scientific interest and have evolved from early catalog-based library systems to modern web-scale systems. However, evaluating the performance of the underlying retrieval approaches remains a challenge. An increasing amount of requirements for producing accurate retrieval results have to be considered, e.g., close integration of the system’s users. Due to these requirements, small to mid-size academic search systems cannot evaluate their retrieval system in-house. Evaluation infrastructures for shared tasks alleviate this situation. They allow researchers to experiment with retrieval approaches in specific search and recommendation scenarios without building their own infrastructure. In this paper, we elaborate on the benefits and shortcomings of four state-of-the-art evaluation infrastructures on search and recommendation tasks concerning the following requirements: support for online and offline evaluations, domain specificity of shared tasks, and reproducibility of experiments and results. In addition, we introduce an evaluation infrastructure concept design aiming at reducing the shortcomings in shared tasks for search and recommender systems.
Emergency management services, such as firefighting, rescue teams and ambulances,are all heavily reliant on road networks. However, even for highly industrialised countries such asGermany, and even for large cities, spatial planning tools are lacking for road network interruptionsof emergency services. Moreover, dependencies of emergency management expand not only onroads but on many other systemic interrelations, such as blockages of bridges. The first challenge thispaper addresses is the development of a novel assessment that captures systemic interrelations ofcritical services and their dependencies explicitly designed to the needs of the emergency services.This aligns with a second challenge: capturing system nodes and areas around road networksand their geographical interrelation. System nodes, road links and city areas are integrated into aspatial grid of tessellated hexagons (also referred to as tiles) with geographical information systems.The hexagonal grid is designed to provide a simple map visualisation for emergency planners andfire brigades. Travel time planning is then optimised for accessing city areas in need by weighingimpaired areas of past events based on operational incidents. The model is developed and testedwith official incident data for the city of Cologne, Germany, and will help emergency managers tobetter device planning of resources based on this novel identification method of critical areas.
In this paper we describe traffic sign recognition with neural networks in the frequency domain. Traffic signs exist in all countries to regulate the traffic of vehicles and pedestrians. Each country has its own set of traffic signs that are more or less similar. They consist of a set of abstract forms, symbols, numbers and letters, which are combined into different signs. Automatic traffic sign recognition is important for driver assistance systems and for autonomous driving. Traffic sign recognition is a subtype of image recognition. The traffic signs are usually recorded by a camera and must be recognized in real time, i.e. assigned to a class. We use neural networks for traffic sign recognition. The special feature of our method is that the traffic sign recognition does not take place in the spatial domain but in the frequency domain. This has advantages because it is possible to significantly reduce the number of neurons and thus the computing effort of the neural network compared to a conventional neural network.
This investigation attempts to understand the eco‐hydrology of, and accordingly suggest an option to manage floodwater for agriculture in, the understudied and data‐sparse ephemeral Baraka River Basin within the hyper‐arid region of Sudan. Reference is made to the major feature of the basin, that is, the Toker Delta spate irrigation scheme. A point‐to‐pixel comparison of gridded and ground‐based data sets is performed to enhance the estimates of rainfall. Analysis of remotely sensed land use/cover data is performed. The results show a significant reduction of the grassland and barren areas explained by a significant expansion of the cropland and open shrubland (invasive mesquite trees) areas in the delta. The cotton sown area is highly dependent on the flooded area and the discharge volume in the delta. However, the area of this major crop has declined since the early 1990s in favour of cultivation of more profitable food crops. Expansion of mesquite in the delta is problematic, taking hold under increased floodwater, and can only be manged by clearance to provide crop cultivation area. There is a great potential for floodwater harvesting during the rainfall season (June to September). A total seasonal runoff volume of around 4.6 and 10.8 billion cubic metres is estimated at 90 and 50% probabilities of exceedance (reliabilities), respectively. Rather than leaving the runoff generated from rainfall events to pass to the Red Sea or be consumed by mesquite trees, a location for runoff harvesting structure in a highly suitable area is proposed. Such a structure will support any policy shifts towards planning and managing the basin water resources for use in irrigating the agricultural scheme.
We examine the impact of the existence on an explicit deposit insurance (DI) scheme and its design features on bilateral cross‐border deposits (CBD) in a gravity model setting. We find that both the absolute quality of a country's DI and its relative quality vis‐à‐vis other countries' DI generally affect depositor behavior. However, during systemic banking crises, cross‐border depositors primarily seek countries with the best DI schemes. Similarly, during the 2008–2009 great financial crisis, the emergency actions taken by the governments, which supply and maintain these safe havens, have led to substantial relocations of CBD. (JEL F34, G18)
At the case study of the city of Cologne and the neighbouring Rhein‐Erft‐Kreis (a county), selected resilience aspects of critical infrastructure (CI) and cascading effects are analysed concerning major river floods. Using a Geographic Information System, the applicability of the approach is demonstrated using open source software and data, augmented by manual entries. This study demonstrates the feasibility and limitations of analysing lifeline features of interest for disaster risk and emergency management such as roads, bridges and electricity supply. By highlighting interdependencies of emergency services with CI such as roads, cascading effects of interconnected paths are shown. The findings indicate that in an extreme event flood scenario over 2,000 km of roads and eight bridges will be exposed to floods in the area of the rivers Rhine and Erft. This places huge demands on disaster and emergency management institutions and people affected and limits their resiliency.
To realize a reliable and cost-effective application of high-temperature superconductive (HTS) equipment at high-voltage (HV) levels, the influence of thermally induced gas bubbles on the dielectric strength of different solid insulating materials in liquid nitrogen (LN2) was investigated. A heatable copper tape electrode arrangement was developed simulating HTS tapes with insulation in between. AC breakdown measurements were performed without and with forced boiling on insulating papers, polypropylene laminated paper (PPLP) and polyimide (PI) films. Under nucleate boiling the influence of bubbles on the dielectric strength of all materials was not significant. However under film boiling the dielectric strength of the insulating papers decreased to a level comparable to their dielectric strength in air, demonstrating the insufficient impregnation of porous materials under film boiling. For PI there was no degradation at all. PPLP retained about 70% of its basic dielectric strength in LN2.
Pelleted biomass has a low, uniform moisture content and can be handled and stored cheaply and safely. Pellets can be made of industrial waste, food waste, agricultural residues, energy crops, and virgin lumber. Despite their many desirable attributes, they cannot compete with fossil fuel sources because the process of densifying the biomass and the price of the raw materials make pellet production costly.
Leaves collected from street sweeping are generally discarded in landfills, but they can potentially be valorized as a biofuel if they are pelleted. However, the lignin content in leaves is not high enough to ensure the physical stability of the pellets, so they break easily during storage and transportation. In this study, the use of eucalyptus kraft lignin as an additive in tree-leaf pellet production was studied. Results showed that when 2% lignin is added the abrasion resistance can be increased to an acceptable value. Pellets with added lignin fulfilled all requirements of European standards for certification except for ash content. However, as the raw material has no cost, this method can add value or contribute to financing continued sweeping and is an example of a circular economy scenario.
Enhancing DPCD in Liquid Products by Mechanical Inactivation Effects: Assessment of Feasibility
(2020)
The enhancement of standard dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) pasteurization by additional mechanical effects was assessed in this work. These effects were induced during pasteurization by the sudden depressurization in a narrow minitube. The high flow velocities, moderate pressures (40–80 bar) and low temperatures (25–45 °C) lead to intense degasification and shear stress. The inactivation of the test microorganism Escherichia coli DH5α (E. coli DH5α) was determined before and after depressurization in the minitube, representing entirely chemical DPCD via dissolved CO2 and total inactivation comprising the effects of dissolved CO2 and mechanical effects, respectively. Compared to conventional DPCD pasteurization, which is mostly attributed to chemical effects, the additional mechanical effects increased the inactivation efficiency considerably.
The use of nematic liquid crystal (LC) mixtures for microwave frequency applicationspresents a fundamental drawback: many of these mixtures have not been properly characterizedat these frequencies, and researchers do not have an a priori clear idea of which behavior they canexpect. This work is focused on developing a new procedure for the extraction of the main parametersof a nematic liquid crystal: dielectric permittivity and loss tangent at 11 GHz under differentpolarization voltages; splay elastic constantK11, which allows calculation of the threshold voltage(Vth); and rotational viscosityγ11, which allows calculating the response time of any arbitrary device.These properties will be calculated by using a resonator-based method, which is implementedwith a new topology of substrate integrated transmission line. The LC molecules should be rotated(polarized) by applying an electric field in order to extract the characteristic parameters; thus,the transmission line needs to have two conductors and low electric losses in order to preserve theintegrity of the measurements. This method was applied to a well-known liquid crystal mixture(GT3-23002 from MERCK) obtaining the permittivity and loss tangent versus bias voltage curves,the splay elastic constant, and the rotational viscosity of the mixture. The results validate the viabilityof the proposed method.
Proper satellite-based crop monitoring applications at the farm-level often require near-daily imagery at medium to high spatial resolution. The combination of data from different ongoing satellite missions Sentinel 2 (ESA) and Landsat 7/8 (NASA) provides this unprecedented opportunity at a global scale; however, this is rarely implemented because these procedures are data demanding and computationally intensive. This study developed a robust stream processing for the harmonization of Landsat 7, Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 in the Google Earth Engine cloud platform, connecting the benefit of coherent data structure, built-in functions and computational power in the Google Cloud. The harmonized surface reflectance images were generated for two agricultural schemes in Bekaa (Lebanon) and Ninh Thuan (Vietnam) during 2018–2019. We evaluated the performance of several pre-processing steps needed for the harmonization including the image co-registration,
Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions correction, topographic correction, and band adjustment. We found that the misregistration between Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 images varied from 10 m in Ninh Thuan (Vietnam) to 32 m in Bekaa (Lebanon), and posed a great impact on the quality of the final harmonized data set if not treated. Analysis of a pair of overlapped L8-S2 images over the Bekaa region showed that, after the harmonization, all band-to-band spatial correlations were greatly improved. Finally, we demonstrated an application of the dense harmonized data set for crop mapping and monitoring. An harmonic (Fourier) analysis was applied to fit the detected unimodal, bimodal and trimodal shapes in the temporal NDVI patterns during one crop year in Ninh Thuan province. The derived phase and amplitude values of the crop cycles were combined with max-NDVI as an R-G-B false composite image. The final image was able to highlight croplands in bright colors (high phase and amplitude), while the non-crop areas were shown with grey/dark (low phase and amplitude). The harmonized data sets (with 30 m spatial resolution) along with the Google Earth Engine scripts used are provided for public use.
Campylobacter spp. are one of the most important food-borne pathogens, which are quite susceptible to environmental or technological stressors compared to other zoonotic bacteria. This might be due to the lack of many stress response mechanisms described in other bacteria. Nevertheless, Campylobacter is able to survive in the environment and food products. Although some aspects of the heat stress response in Campylobacter jejuni are already known, information about the stress response in other Campylobacter species are still scarce. In this study, the stress response of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter lari to elevated temperatures (46°C) was investigated by survival assays and whole transcriptome analysis. None of the strains survived at 46°C for more than 8 h and approximately 20% of the genes of C. coli RM2228 and C. lari RM2100 were differentially expressed. The transcriptomic profiles showed enhanced gene expression of several chaperones like dnaK, groES, groEL, and clpB in both strains, indicating a general involvement in the heat stress response within the Campylobacter species. However, the pronounced differences in the expression pattern between C. coli and C. lari suggest that stress response mechanisms described for one Campylobacter species might be not necessarily transferable to other Campylobacter species.
As Digital Twins gain more traction and their adoption in industry increases, there is a need to integrate such technology with machine learning features to enhance functionality and enable decision making tasks. This has lead to the emergence of a concept known as Digital Triplet; an enhancement of Digital Twin technology through the addition of an ’intelligent activity layer’. This is a relatively new technology in Industrie 4.0 and research efforts are geared towards exploring its applicability, development and testing of means for implementation and quick adoption. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Digital Triplet for a three-floor elevator system. It demonstrates the integration of a machine learning (ML) object detection model and the system Digital Twin. This was done to introduce an additional security feature that enabled the system to make a decision, based on objects detected and take preliminary security measures. The virtual model was designed in Siemens NX and programmed via Total Integrated Automation (TIA) portal software. The corresponding physical model was fabricated and controlled using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) S7 1200. A control program was developed to mimic the general operations of a typical elevator system used in a commercial building setting. Communication, between the physical and virtual models, was enabled using the OPC-Unified Architecture (OPC-UA) protocol. Object recognition using “You only look once” (YOLOV3) based machine learning algorithm was incorporated. The Digital Triplet’s functionality was tested, ensuring the virtual system duplicated actual operations of the physical counterpart through the use of sensor data. Performance testing was done to determine the impact of the ML module on the real-time functionality aspect of the system. Experiment results showed the object recognition contributed an average of 1.083s to an overall signal travel time of 1.338 s.
Starmerella bombicola is known to produce sub‐terminally hydroxylated lactonic sophorolipids (SLs), while Candida kuoi synthesizes acidic open chain SLs with terminally hydroxylated fatty acids. Upon feeding glucose and fatty alcohols both strains form long‐chain nonionic SLs. According to structure elucidation the SLs consist of a hydroxylated fatty acid esterified with fatty alcohol and linked via a glycoside bond to the diacetylated sophorose unit. Palmityl, stearyl, and oleyl alcohols lead to products with lipid chain lengths of C32 or C36. Oleyl alcohol is the preferred substrate leading to 45 g L−1 of the double unsaturated C36 SL with S. bombicola and 20 g L−1 with C. kuoi. Scale up from shake flask to 1.5 L fermentations is possible and 65 g L−1 long‐chain SLs are obtained with S. bombicola within 7 days. Mixed feeding of oleic acid and a variety of fatty alcohols leads to new long‐chain SLs. In the presence of oleic acid the yeasts do not oxidize the fatty alcohol and thus the production of biosurfactants with tailored chain length is possible. The long‐chain SLs show good emulsification ability of water/paraffin oil mixtures at low energy input and reduced interfacial tension significantly.
Practical Applications: Sophorolipids are produced by fermentation on industrial scale focusing on cleaning and detergent applications. Mainly lactonic or anionic open‐chain forms are used today. The new long‐chain SLs presented in this manuscript are accessible with existing production technology and can be produced with high titers from cost‐efficient renewable raw materials. In contrast to the commercial products the long‐chain SLs are more hydrophobic and exhibit a strong emulsification behavior. Therefore they have the potential to broaden the application range of SLs in future. They may be useful as novel emulsifiers for cosmetic creams and lotions, pharmaceutical ointments and food products or may find application in oil spill remediation.
Mental illnesses in adolescence and young adulthood are steadily increasing. Thus,mental disorders represent an individual and societal challenge and an enormous health economicburden, creating an urgent need for research and action. Mental health problems are omnipresent inthe life of young people and the internet is the first resource, which helps them to understand theirsituation. Young people with migration background often have more difficulties accessing health careservices. Digital technologies offer an ideal opportunity for a low-threshold platform that addressesthe needs of young people. The current project “GeKo:mental” aims to design a multilingual websitefor Cologne-based adolescents and young adults that will enable them to obtain comprehensiveinformation about mental illness and health, treatment options and first contact points. To designthis website, this study aims to find out what kind of health information is needed and how itshould best be presented. Nine focus group discussions with adolescents and young adults withand without migration background (N = 68) were conducted; the focus group discussions took placeat schools, in an association for social youth work and in an cultural association, which is linkedto a mosque in Cologne, Germany. A qualitative content analysis was conducted on the gatheredmaterial. The participants reported concrete challenges and needs. The results will form the basis forthe development and design of a website.
Wärme‐ und Kältespeicher von Gebäuden beruhen auf verschiedenen Konzepten der Wärmeübertragung. Bei thermischen Hybridspeichern befindet sich das Phasen-wechselmaterial (PCM) makroverkapselt in PCM‐Objekten, die im Speicherbehälter positioniert sind und vom Wärmeträgerfluid umströmt werden. Die experimentellen Untersuchungen widmen sich den Belade‐ und Entladeeigenschaften des in Kugeln makroverkapselten PCM. Es wird gezeigt, dass die spezifische Wärmeübertragungs-leistung eines Hybridspeichers unmittelbar von der Größe der Kugeln als auch von der spezifischen Wärmeleitfähigkeit des PCM abhängt.
We consider a risk model in discrete time with dividends and capital injections. The goal is to maximise the value of a dividend strategy. We show that the optimal strategy is of barrier type. That is, all capital above a certain threshold is paid as dividend. A second problem adds tax to the dividends but an injection leads to an exemption from tax. We show that the value function fulfils a Bellman equation. As a special case, we consider the case of premia of size one. In this case we show that the optimal strategy is a two barrier strategy. That is, there is a barrier if a next dividend of size one can be paid without tax and a barrier if the next dividend of size one will be taxed. In both models, we illustrate the findings by de Finetti’s example.
Polyimides rank among the most heat-resistant polymers and find application in a variety of fields, including transportation, electronics, and membrane technology. The aim of this work is to study the structural, thermal, mechanical, and gas permeation properties of polyimide based nanocomposite membranes in flat sheet configuration. For this purpose, numerous advanced techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), SEM, TEM, TGA, FT-IR, tensile strength, elongation test, and gas permeability measurements were carried out. In particular, BTDA–TDI/MDI (P84) co-polyimide was used as the matrix of the studied membranes, whereas multi-wall carbon nanotubes were employed as filler material at concentrations of up to 5 wt.% All studied films were prepared by the dry-cast process resulting in non-porous films of about 30–50 μm of thickness. An optimum filler concentration of 2 wt.% was estimated. At this concentration, both thermal and mechanical properties of the prepared membranes were improved, and the highest gas permeability values were also obtained. Finally, gas permeability experiments were carried out at 25, 50, and 100 ◦C with seven different pure gases. The results revealed that the uniform carbon nanotubes dispersion lead to enhanced gas permeation properties.
How Digital Strategy and Management Games Can Facilitate the Practice of Dynamic Decision-Making
(2020)
This paper examines how digital strategy and management games that have been initially designed for entertainment can facilitate the practice of dynamic decision-making. Based on a comparative qualitative analysis of 17 games—organized into categories derived from a conceptual model of decision-making design—this article illustrates two ways in which these games may be useful in supporting the learning of dynamic decision-making in educational practice:
(1) Players must take over the role of a decider and solve situations in which players must pursue different conflicting goals by making a continuous series of decisions on a variety of actions and measures; (2) three of the features of the games are considered to structure players’ practice of decision-making and foster processes of learning through the curation of possible decisions, the offering of lucid feedback and the modification of time. This article also highlights the games’ shortcomings, from an educational perspective, as players’ decisions are restricted by the numbers of choices they can make within the game, and certain choices are rewarded more than others. An educational application of the games must, therefore, entail a critical reflection of players’ limited choices inside a necessarily biased system.
Water security is a major concern for water-scarce cities that face dynamic water challenges due to limited water supply, climate change and increasing water demand. Framing urban water security is challenging due to the complexity and uncertainties of the definitions and assessment frameworks concerning urban water security. Several studies have assessed water security by granting priority indicators equal weight without considering or adapting to the local conditions. This study develops a new urban water security assessment framework with application to the water-scarce city
of Madaba, Jordan. The study applies the new assessment framework on the study area and measures urban water security using the integrated urban water security index (IUWSI) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as a decision management tool to prioritise and distinguish indicators that affect the four dimensions of urban water security: drinking water, ecosystems, climate change and water-related hazards, and socioeconomic aspects (DECS). The integrated urban water security index (IUWSI) highlights the state of water security and intervention strategies in Madaba. The study reveals that urban water security in Madaba is satisfactory to meet basic needs, with shortcomings in some aspects of the DECS. However, Madaba faces poor security in terms of managing climate- and water-related risks. The IUWSI framework assists with a rational and evidence-based decision-making process, which is important for enhancing water resources management in water-scarce cities.
The Enhancement of standard dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) pasteurization by additional mechanical effects wasassessed in this work. These effects were induced during pasteurization by the sudden depressurization in a narrow mini-tube. The high flow velocities, moderate pressures (40–80 bar) and low temperatures (25–45°C) lead to intense degasifica-tion and shear stress. The inactivation of the test microorganismEscherichia coliDH5a(E. coliDH5a) was determinedbefore and after depressurization in the minitube, representing entirely chemical DPCD via dissolved CO2and total inacti-vation comprising the effects of dissolved CO2and mechanical effects, respectively. Compared to conventional DPCDpasteurization, which is mostly attributed to chemical effects, the additional mechanical effects increased the inactivationefficiency considerably.
This article explores the relationship between digital transformation and disaster risk.Vulnerability studies aim at differentiating impacts and losses by using fine-grained information fromdemographic, social, and personal characteristics of humans. With ongoing digital development,these characteristics will transform and result in new traits, which need to be identified andintegrated. Digital transformations will produce new social groups, partly human, semi-human,or non-human—some of which already exist, and some which can be foreseen by extrapolating fromrecent developments in the field of brain wearables, robotics, and software engineering. Thoughinvolved in the process of digital transformation, many researchers and practitioners in the field ofDisaster Risk Reduction or Climate Change Adaptation are not yet aware of the repercussions fordisaster and vulnerability assessments. Emerging vulnerabilities are due to a growing dependency ondigital services and tools in the case of a severe emergency or crisis. This article depicts the differentimplications for future theoretical frameworks when identifying novel semi-human groups and theirvulnerabilities to disaster risks. Findings include assumed changes within common indicators of socialvulnerability, new indicators, a typology of humans, and human interrelations with digital extensionsand two different perspectives on these groups and their dependencies with critical infrastructure.
Against the background of a worldwide decrease in the number of gauging stations,the estimation of river discharge using spaceborne data is crucial for hydrological research, rivermonitoring, and water resource management. Based on the at-many-stations hydraulic geometry(AMHG) concept, a novel approach is introduced for estimating river discharge using Sentinel-1time series within an automated workflow. By using a novel decile thresholding method, no a prioriknowledge of the AMHG function or proxy is used, as proposed in previous literature. With arelative root mean square error (RRMSE) of 19.5% for the whole period and a RRMSE of 15.8%considering only dry seasons, our method is a significant improvement relative to the optimizedAMHG method, achieving 38.5% and 34.5%, respectively. As the novel approach is embedded intoan automated workflow, it enables a global application for river discharge estimation using solelyremote sensing data. Starting with the mapping of river reaches, which have large differences inriver width overthe year, continuous river width time series are created using high-resolution andweather-independent SAR imaging. It is applied on a 28 km long section of the Mekong River nearVientiane, Laos, for the period from 2015 to 2018.
This paper presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of photovoltaic (PV) solar modules whichhave been integrated into electric vehicle applications, also called vehicle integrated photovoltaics(VIPV). The LCA was executed by means of GaBi LCA software with Ecoinvent v2.2 as a backgrounddatabase, with a focus on the global warming potential (GWP). A light utility electric vehicle (LUV)named StreetScooter Work L, with a PV array of 930 Wp, was analyzed for the location of Cologne,Germany. An operation time of 8 years and an average shadowing factor of 30% were assumed.The functional unit of this LCA is 1 kWh of generated PV electricity on-board, for which an emissionfactor of 0.357 kg CO2-eq/kWh was calculated, whereas the average grid emissions would be 0.435 kgCO2-eq/kWh. Hence, charging by PV power hence causes lower emissions than charging an EV bythe grid. The study further shows how changes in the shadowing factor, operation time, and otheraspects affect vehicle’s emissions. The ecological benefit of charging by PV modules as compared togrid charging is negated when the shadowing factor exceeds 40% and hence exceeds emissions of0.435 kg CO2-eq/kWh. However, if the operation time of a vehicle with integrated PV is prolonged to12 years, emissions of the functional unit go down to 0.221 kg CO2-eq/kWh. It is relevant to point outthat the outcomes of the LCA study strongly depend on the location of use of the vehicle, the annualirradiation, and the carbon footprint of the grid on that location.