A. General Literature
Refine
Document Type
- Master's Thesis (12) (remove)
Has Fulltext
- yes (12)
Keywords
- Assessment (2)
- Ecosystem services (2)
- Soziale Arbeit (2)
- AR (1)
- Augmented Reality (1)
- Correlation (1)
- Costa Rica (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Drought (1)
- Ecosystem goods (1)
Faculty
- Fakultät 12 / Institut für Technologie und Ressourcenmanagement in den Tropen und Subtropen (6)
- Fakultät 10 / Advanced Media Institute (2)
- Fakultät 01 / Institut für Kindheit, Jugend, Familie und Erwachsene (1)
- Fakultät 01 / Institut für Soziales Recht (1)
- Fakultät 02 / Cologne Institute of Conservation Sciences (1)
- Fakultät 04 / Institut für Versicherungswesen (1)
In dieser Arbeit wird ein Vorgehensmodell entwickelt um eine Taxonomie für Spielmechaniken aufzubauen. Hierfür werden zwei Vorgehensmodelle miteinander verbunden: eines, das die Extraktion von Spielmechaniken aus Gesellschaftsspielen in verschiedenen Strategien ermöglicht sowie ein weiteres, das ein standardisiertes Vorgehen beschreibt, wie eine Taxonomie aufgebaut werden kann.
Innerhalb des Vorgehensmodell zum Taxonomieaufbau werden die Strategien zur Extraktion von Spielmechaniken zum Aufbau des Domänenverständnisses genutzt. Davon ausgehend werden Kategorien abstrahiert, welche im Nachgang verfeinert und zueinander in Bezug gesetzt werden. Anschließend werden die zusätzlich extrahierten Spielmechaniken in die neu aufgestellte Struktur anhand der identifizierten Kriterien integriert und auf Kohärenz geprüft.
Human civilization has a great history of managing Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) services. But such services in rural areas have been neglected throughout our history. Numerous multimillion dollars WaSH interventions have been implemented in rural areas to eradicate open defecation, but most of them failed to create a demand for sanitation. Lack of equity and fair participation in approaches to change behavior and mindset, rather than habits, has made it hard for governments to achieve their WaSH related targets. Participatory rural sanitation approaches that focus on behavior change and ownership building among the community members have helped in the transition to open defecation free (ODF) societies. A justice-focused sanitation approach shows potential in fast-tracking this transition. Just transition is a concept that has not been endured in the sanitation discussion yet but shows the potential of sustainable WaSH solutions. This social empirical research has explored the feasibility of a justice-based sanitation approach guiding a transition towards societies with universal access to sanitation services. A just sanitation transition framework was adapted from the considered theoretical foundations and was used to map the capability and justice dimensions of two rural sanitation approaches being implemented in schools in the Mukuyu community in Trans-Nzoia county, Kenya. The adapted framework has been able to compute both sanitation approaches on a scoring tool, quantitatively assessing the productivity and justice dimensions of both approaches. This research has helped in establishing the viability of a just sanitation transition framework to produce an informed understanding of the potential of rural sanitation approaches to produce desired results while being just. Study findings help in filling research gaps and laying the foundation to the just transition debate in the sanitation sector and opens a window to further researches on the same, in the future.
Kinder, die mit Variationen der Geschlechtsmerkmale zur Welt kommen, werden in den ersten Lebensjahren häufig geschlechtsverändernden medizinischen Eingriffen unterzogen. Dabei wird die stellvertretende Einwilligung der Eltern als zulässig erachtet, um den medizinischen
Eingriff zu legitimieren. Diese Maßnahmen stehen jedoch zunehmend in der Kritik und werden als Verstoß gegen die Selbstbestimmung von Kindern und Jugendlichen sowie als Verletzung wesentlicher Grund- und Menschenrechte gewertet. Obwohl sich aktuelle Empfehlungen und
Leitlinien zunehmend an den Rechten und dem Wohl von intergeschlechtlichen Minderjährigen orientieren, ist die Anzahl der geschlechtsverändernden Eingriffe in den letzten Jahren dennoch relativ konstant geblieben. Hieraus ergibt sich ein aktueller Handlungsbedarf. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird an den Rechten von intergeschlechtlichen Minderjährigen angeknüpft. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf den Selbstbestimmungsrechten von intergeschlechtlichen Kindern und Jugendlichen. In der Literatur ist umstritten, inwiefern Minderjährigen eigene Selbstbestimmungsrechte zustehen und sie diese selbst ausüben können. Im Rahmen der Masterarbeit wird daher zunächst erarbeitet, in welchem Verhältnis Elternrechte und Selbstbestimmungsrechte von intergeschlechtlichen Minderjährigen im aktuellen Familienrecht stehen. Daraus wird abgeleitet, welche Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Selbstbestimmung und Stellvertretung bei geschlechtsverändernden medizinischen Eingriffen bestehen. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass gerade nicht medizinisch indizierte Eingriffe, die auf eine „Angleichung“ des Geschlechts an bestehende Geschlechternormen ausgerichtet sind, gegen das Kindeswohl sowie Grundrechte verstoßen und Minderjährigen wesentliche Möglichkeiten für eine selbstbestimmte Lebensführung nehmen. Wirksame familienrechtliche Schutzmöglichkeiten bestehen
jedoch nicht. Als Perspektive wird daher ein Gesetzesentwurf des Deutschen Instituts für Menschenrechte auf seinen Schutzgehalt für intergeschlechtliche Minderjährige untersucht. Neben wenigen Kritikpunkten zeigt sich, dass das „Geschlechtervielfaltsgesetz“ zum Schutz und zur Selbstbestimmung intergeschlechtlicher Minderjähriger beitragen könnte. Ergänzend zu einer gesetzlichen
Klarstellung, ist jedoch auch Beratung und Unterstützung für intergeschlechtliche Kinder, Jugendliche und ihre Eltern erforderlich. Aus diesem Grund werden Möglichkeiten der Sozialen Arbeit zur Förderung geschlechtlicher Vielfalt entwickelt und Beratungs- und Unterstützungsansätze dargestellt. Insgesamt zeigt sich jedoch, dass auch ein gesellschaftliches Umdenken
notwendig ist, um intergeschlechtlichen Menschen Selbstbestimmung über ihren Körper und die eigene geschlechtliche Identität zu ermöglichen.
Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit Strategien der außerstrafrechtlichen Konfliktbear- beitung in linksautonomen Räumen. Ausgehend von der Annahme, dass staatliche Strafe ein Instrument der Herrschaftsausübung darstellt und in Zeiten des
Neoliberalismus die prekär gewordenen Grenzen der gesellschaftlichen Zugehörigkeit durch Kriminalisierung aufrechterhalten werden, sollen Alternativen zum hegemonialen Strafrechtssystem aufgezeigt werden. Das qualitative Forschungsdesign wurde unter Berücksichti-gung der Grundannahmen der Kritischen Kriminologie entwickelt. Durch den Konfliktbegriff wird sich von der Kategorie „Kriminalität“ mit den ihr inhärenten
Zuschreibungen gelöst. Der Forschungsprozess basiert auf der Grounded Theory Methodologie. Auf der Grundlage teilnarrativer Interviews mit Aktivist*innen aus
verschiedenen linksautonomen Räumen in Deutschland wird ein Modell entwickelt, welches den Prozess der selbstbestimmten Bearbeitung von konflikthaften Ereignissen im gewählten Forschungsfeld beschreibt. Dieses zeigt auf, dass eine Aneignung von Konflikten verstärkt durch einen hohen Grad der Verantwortungsübernahme stattfindet. In einem zirkulären Prozess werden hierbei in der Bearbeitung von Konflikten eigene Regeln und Werte entwickelt, welche sich wiederum auf den Umgang mit Konflikten auswirken. Die Ergebnisse der Forschung richten sich primär an Personen, welche in links-autonomen Räumen aktiv sind und dienen einem besseren Verständnis ihrer gelebten Praxis. Durch die kritische Reflexion, unter Berücksichtigung der Grundsätze von Transformative Justice und Community Accountability, werden zudem Perspektiven für eine mögliche Weiterentwicklung linksautonomer Ansätze zum Umgang mit Konflikten aufgezeigt.
Since the development of eGovernment systems is gaining worldwide momentum, the European Union is constantly increasing its efforts to induce the development of eGovernment systems in its member states. The currently running strategy is the ’eGovernment Action Plan 2016-2020’, which understands itself as a catalyst for developments in the member states.
Despite these ongoing efforts by the European Union regarding eGovernment, stud- ies are repeatedly revealing that the quality and acceptance by the citizens of dig- ital public services are varying heavily within the EU. Being based on the same political guidelines provided by the EU, the national strategies implemented the core principles to different degrees. These different implementation rates, analyzed for Germany, the United Kingdom and Estonia, supplement the holistic analysis of the eGovernment policies, applications and usage in each member state. This gets proven by the connection of this indicator with related studies in the field of eGov- ernment applications and usage within the European Union.
The aim of this thesis is, on the one hand, to quantify differences in the implementa- tion of the ’eGovernment Action Plan 2016-2020’ into national policies in Germany, the UK and Estonia and, on the other hand, establish this indicator as a valuable asset for evaluating and monitoring the eGovernment efforts by the EU member states.
Water is an eminently important element for societal development. It must be available in sufficient quantity and quality to meet human requirements of consumption, food production and sanitation. The riverine ecosystems are increasingly deteriorated due to human interventions. This leads to changes in the natural flow patterns. The concept of environmental flow started to emerge. Due to the importance of environmental flow in the integrated river basin management, researchers and scientists worldwide have made great efforts towards assessing the environmental flow requirements in river ecosystems. Various tools and techniques were defined. Governmental authorities and water ministries (all over the world including Egypt) have introduced regulations and policies to assure the vitality of environmental flow in river management and water allocation too.
Although different methods are available for the environmental flow assessment, those techniques are not practically applied. Implementing the environmental flow in real world is a challenge, due to the lack of political will and the stakeholder support, the institutional barriers and conflicts of interest, and finally the insufficient resources and capacity in environmental management institutions. It is a multidisciplinary and intersectoral process.
The present study aims to report the importance of environmental flow regarding the inhabitants’ daily life as well as the overall Egyptian socio-economic, political and health status. It demonstrates the methods of applying the Environmental flow concept in Egypt with a focus on social and political aspects, detailing the current situation in Egypt, and clarifying the obstacles that face the implementation process. The data was collected via local people questionnaires, stakeholders’ interviews and field visits. The study proposes solutions to evade the environmental flow implementation obstacles and overcome current challenges. Moreover, the study predicts future issues and offers solutions to avoid their occurrence.
The present thesis research was focused on the assessment of hydrological drought in the Tempisque-Bebedero catchment system in Costa Rica as part of the TropiSeca project framework. The study area is in the province of Guanacaste and has an extension of 5449.94 Km2, the region is characterized by a defined wet and dry season resulting in a marked seasonality in precipitation and streamflow regime which provokes frequent periods of water deficits considered as drought.
The main objective of this research is to conduct an analysis on hydrological drought in the study area through the understanding of the behavior of hydrological cycle and its implications for the rice sector by applying different drought indices such as Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI). From the values obtained in the calculation of drought indices were studied the temporal distribution and spatial distribution based on the characterization of drought periods in terms of frequency, severity, duration, and seasonality.
For the characterization of meteorological drought in the study area an approach based on area average precipitation was implemented to calculate a regional representative SPI for each sub-basin, in contrast, hydrological drought was assessed using only two streamflow gauges data provided by the ICE from 1973 until 2003.
As result, Tempisque showed longer drought periods in comparison with Bebedero whose mean duration was lower but the number of drought events were more frequent. In terms of spatial distribution, it could be found that the upper basin experienced extreme meteorological drought periods at high time scales tied to a severe streamflow deficit probably justified by its low permeability due to geological characteristics that allow a slow movement of groundwater.
Additionally, one of the aims of this thesis was to analyze the existence of correlation between precipitation and streamflow anomalies with rice yield and, to determine the influence of ENSO in climate variability using Sea Surface Temperature indices; in this phase of the research was found that climate patterns in the catchment system exhibited a significant influence by ENSO events with a significance level of 99% (r > 0.7) showing an important dependence of meteorological drought periods presented during the period 1980-2016.
In terms of temporal behavior of rice yield anomalies was revealed moderate correlation coefficients (r < 0.4) in both watersheds due to in most of the cases the response of water deficit did not have significant impact in terms of magnitude as expected; in some periods in which drought period was present categorized as mild-drought, rice yield had a considerable decreasing compared with those in which was categorized as extreme event; these differences can be justified mostly because crop yield depends not only on weather, but also on variety of seed used and its coping capacity to periods of water scarcity, fertilizers, soil moisture, farming techniques, sowing date, temperature, irrigation, use of pesticides etc.
The results of this thesis can be used to motivate future researches in the elaboration of crop models to predict yields based on physiological processes during plant development considering water requirement to take enough measures to mitigate the effects of drought periods. Furthermore, it should be considered to implement a drought monitor system in the area as an important tool of early warning system and as an indicator for the efficient water resources management.
Jordan is deemed as one of the least water-endowed regions in the world. The acute water shortage, accompanied with changing climatic conditions have necessitated the increasing use of treated wastewater (TWW), predominantly in irrigated agriculture sector. This is especially true with the upper Zarqa River. The ample supply of TWW resources can be found there; paradoxically, the practical implementation of TWW reuse is hindered by the enforcement of irrigation water quality standard, compounding pressure on the dwindling groundwater resources. In light of the large potential source of TWW, this study aims to supply knowledge on maximizing the safe reuse of TWW while minimizing the environmental impacts within the local environment of the upper Zarqa River. A SWOT analysis was conducted to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of TWW reuse for agriculture in the local context. In recognition of the projected growth in the treated effluent to more than 135 MCM in the coming ten years, and how it would affect the water use on the study region, several plausible development scenarios were proposed based on expected developments on the ground. Considering the vital role of TWW in sustaining multiple ecosystem services, this study addresses the need to review current standard, encourages managed aquifer recharge with TWW, recommends crops type modification, and enhances knowledge on suitable practices at farm level. Each of these factors is needed in order to deliver a range of ecosystem services to sustain the local rural communities and to advance them in the face of profound challenges, thereby leading to its stability and increased productivity.
In Sierra Leone, at the moment 10 out of the total 14 districts are faced with the problem of large-scale land investments for industrial agriculture (oil palm, sugarcane…). The production is mainly for the local, regional and world market. There are quite many of these investments in the planning stage, while some are extending their operations by taking more land from communities or are already at the production stage. Studies and media reports have claimed a number of negative impacts felt in communities hosting these companies, ranging from loss of land, food insecurity, increase in poverty to loss of livelihoods, environmental degradation as well as social and cultural problems. The goal of this thesis is to examine the impacts of the operations of “Socfin Agriculture Company” on food security of local communities in Malen Chiefdom, Pujehun District of Sierra Leone.
Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are used for data collection, analyses, and interpretation of results. The research uses household income and expenditure to compare household food security before and after the start of the company’s operations. It examines consequences of community’s loss of land to support household food production versus casual wage earn from employment created by the company to meet household food security.
The results show a loss of household’s income sources and a significant decrease in households’ income. Households’ food crop production has reduced accompanied by a complete loss of cash crop farming. Households affected by the operations of the company have lost access to land and other natural resources that support food production. Furthermore, the company employs very few people in comparison to the total population of affected communities. Calculation of total wage earn from employment by the company cannot meet the staple food (rice) needs of the households. Also, households claimed a host of unfilled promises made by the company and national government at the onset of the operations of the company.
In conclusion, household food production is the most significant determinant for household food security, with regards to food availability, accessibility, utilization and stability of supply. Therefore, national government should carefully study and develop a framework that addresses food security of households impacted by the operations of the rapidly growing large-scale land investment companies and ensure a fair share of the local community in the economic development of the country and suggesting ways of improving access rights in the context of tenure.