330 Wirtschaft
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The effects of global warming, the depletion of non-renewable resources, the loss of biodiversity and a growing population, has affected nature and humanity over the past decades. Unless we change course in how we produce and consume, severe consequences for life on this Planet in the future are likely to follow. Based on that background, this paper looks at one area of consumption, namely food, and analyses a particular market within this area which causes high environmental pressures, i.e. the meat market. After having laid the theoretical foundation of sustainable consumption, an overview of the problems arising in the food sector in general and the meat market in particular is given. An in-depth analysis of the consumption of meat in one country, namely Germany, follows. Germany has been chosen as an exemplary for a country showing an excessive consumption of meat. This contributes to the problems linked to the meat market. The past development of the consumption of meat is evaluated and forms the basis for predicting a possible development of meat consumption in Germany until 2025. Based on the findings, conclusions are drawn about a possible trend towards sustainable consumption in the German meat market.
This paper gives a practical approach to the area of business ethics, in particular to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), via analyzing how the retail chain REWE shows its commitment to its social responsibilities as defined by the four-part model of CSR. As Fairtrade offers one way for fulfilling social responsibilities, in particular the ethical and philanthropic responsibilities of CSR, REWE’s participation in selling Fairtrade products is analyzed. This analysis is conducted by applying the criteria for receiving the Fairtrade Award to REWE which allows drawing conclusions about REWE’s commitment to Fairtrade. Information for this assessment is taken from publicly available sources as well as from personal communication with the Fairtrade organization TransFair. The paper further gives an indication about the match between REWE’s communication – as the selling of Fairtrade products is communicated via REWE’s sustainability program – and REWE’s action concerning social responsibility, expressed by its commitment to Fairtrade. Implementing a sustainability program is one way for companies to exercise CSR and thus the analysis conducted concerning REWE’s commitment to Fairtrade is an attempt to answer the question whether companies’ communication about their CSR efforts matches their actions.
The increasing public awareness of business related impacts on environmental and social well-being, be it positive or negative, are nowadays key drivers of corporate success. Internal and external business environments exert pressure and force transparency as well as responsible action in terms of resolving environmental and social impacts. In line with this, Porter and Kramer regard business behaviour that addresses societal needs and challenges, as the “new way to achieve economic success”.
However, whereas some companies “remain trapped in an out-dated approach to value creation” and restrict their CSR commitment to the compliance with governmental regulation, others proactively address stakeholder needs. By addressing these needs, companies can benefit from grasping the opportunity of enhanced cost efficiency and lowered risk or gaining competitive advantages through establishing unique value propositions, in a way that meets stakeholder demands. Apart from that, CSR performance can be seen as powerful tool to successfully influence stakeholder perceptions in terms of reputation, and thus an exceptional source of value creation. In addition to this, organisations can profit from win-win-win situations related to syncretic value creation by means of partnering with stakeholders. This, however, implies expanding the focus of cost- and risk-reduction towards increasing competitiveness through creating mutual benefits for environment, society and the economy alike.
Although a growing number of companies have recognised the advantages coming along with Corporate Social Responsibility engagement, the accompanying efforts have not been sufficiently mature yet. Due to the fact that many organizations apply a rather narrow and out-dated approach to value creation, they fail to achieve a balance between environmental, social and economic objectives. This, in turn, implies a restriction in their ability to exploit the full value creation potential that is related to CSR engagement. But even organisations applying a broader perspective of value creation, struggle to internalise the opportunities. This is mainly due the challenge of balancing and integrating economic and non-economic criteria. At the same time, organizations are facing the challenge of getting support from senior management and staff. Thus, in order to profit from adopting a ‘broad perspective’, firms must build a deep understanding of the benefits resulting from mutual value creation. However, the main challenge remains the systematic and strategy related integration of Corporate Social Responsibility strategies into core business processes. In respect to this, organizations have to take into account that “social and environment performance are almost certainly unique to each organization”. Thus, value creation in terms of CSR has to be understood as a highly complex set of cause-an-effect relationships among mediating variables and situational contingencies, which is too specific to rely on poorly structured and generic approaches.
In brief, organisations seem to struggle establishing an understanding that does not consider environmental, social and economic benefits as mutually exclusive. Notwithstanding, that such an understanding is established the complexity of factors influencing Corporate Social Responsibility impedes to balance between economic and non-economic criteria. Furthermore, organisations have difficulties to strategically integrate, manage and measure environmental and social performance drivers as well as outcome measures.
Country rankings with respect to a country’s business environment draw strong international attention. Methods of business environment assessment differ; two competing methods will be described and compared with respect to their results for Rwanda in the years 2008-2010. They do not come to the same results regarding regulatory deficits and hence the demand for regulatory reform. When regulatory cost is considered, demand and supply of reforms are more in line than without cost considerations. The effectiveness of reforms undertaken in Rwanda varies. Based on interviews in late 2010, not all reforms were having the expected impact “on the ground”.
Country rankings with respect to a country’s business environment draw strong international attention. Methods of business environment assessment differ, two competing methods will be described and compared with respect to their results for Rwanda in the years 2008-2010. They do not come to the same results regarding regulatory deficits and hence the demand for regulatory reform. When regulatory cost is considered, demand and supply of reforms are more in line than without cost considerations. The effectiveness of reforms undertaken in Rwanda varies. Based on interviews in late 2010, not all reforms were having the expected impact “on the ground”.
Das vorliegende Praxis Paper fasst die Erkenntnisse zur Nutzung der Social Media Plattformen LinkedIn und Kununu für B2B Unternehmen zusammen.
Es basiert auf der Bachelorarbeit von Herrn Simon Schiffbauer, die von Oktober 2020 bis Januar 2021 von Prof. Dr. Monika Engelen betreut wurde. Dazu wurde die richtige Verwendung der Funk-tionen von LinkedIn und Kununu recherchiert und anhand von Fallstudien erfolgreicher B2B Unter-nehmen veranschaulicht. Der Bachelorarbeit ging ein Praxisprojekt zur allgemeinen Nutzung von Social Media durch B2B Unternehmen voraus, in dem die Social Media Aktivitäten der 75 größten deutschen B2B Unternehmen erhoben und analysiert wurden. Die Erkenntnisse sind sowohl in dem separaten Praxis Paper „Social Media Marketing für B2B Unternehmen - Untersuchung der Social Media Präsenz der 75 größten deutschen B2B Unternehmen und Handlungsempfehlungen“ veröffentlicht als auch in dieses Praxis Paper eingeflossen.
Die Kerninhalte dieses Praxis Papers sind die Erfolgsfaktoren, Ziele und Zielgruppen, die über LinkedIn und Kununu erreicht werden sollen. Insbesondere die Akquise von Neukunden, die Pfle-ge von Bestandskunden und die Akquise von Mitarbeitern stehen dabei im Vordergrund.
Das Praxis Paper soll als Einstieg und Leitfaden zur Nutzung der Plattformen LinkedIn und Kununu dienen.
On 25 May 2011, the OECD launched a "Green Growth Strategy" and proposed a "Green Growth Diagnostics" approach to identify the binding constraints on green growth. This paper discusses the potential use and usefulness of this approach as a means to identify those binding constraints. It is argued that the approach is best used at the meso level for industries and certain environmental challenges. The paper proposes a modified green growth diagnostics approach for eco-innovations at the meso level that can be useful for informing and organising a rational policy dialogue amongst all stakeholders.
This paper summarizes the findings on marketing automation and suitable tools, especially for companies in the Start-Up and early development phases.
It is based on Nadine Männel's bachelor thesis, which was supervised by Prof. Dr. Monika Engelen from October to December 2018. In addition to researching the basic theory of Start-Ups and Marketing Automation, 12 tools were analysed for their usability in Start-Ups.
The core content of this paper is both to create an understanding of marketing automa-tion and to derive concrete recommendations for applicable tools for marketing automation.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden verschiedene risikopolitische Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung der Volatilität des Nettoergebnisses eines Erstversicherers beschrieben, mit Hilfe derer Schadenquoten und Ergebnisse zukünftig besser zu planen sind. Als mögliche Ansätze kam die Gründung eines Versicherungspools
zwischen zwei oder mehreren europäischen Erstversicherern sowie die Verwendung eines versicherungstechnischen Swaps in Betracht. Aufgrund von
geringeren Kosten und höherer Flexibilität erscheint der versicherungstechnische Swap gegenüber der Gründung eines Versicherungspools besser geeignet zu sein.
Die Basis der Masterarbeit bildet, neben zur Verfügung gestellter Informationen der beiden Erstversicherer Achmea (Niederlande) und Gothaer (Deutschland) sowie unterschiedlicher Praxisbeispiele, eine ausführliche Auswertung versicherungs- und finanzwissenschaftlicher Literatur. Die Arbeit soll als Diskussions- und Entscheidungsgrundlage zur Implementierung einer der
beschriebenen Maßnahmen in die Praxis dienen.
An den wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultäten der Technischen Hochschule Köln (TH Köln) und der Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg (HBRS) sind im Verlauf des Jahres 2013 Befragungen zu nachhaltigen, zertifizierten Lebensmitteln durchgeführt worden. Ziel war es, die Bedeutung von Fairtrade und Bio auf der Basis von Konsumenteneinschätzungen zu analysieren. Dazu wurden Wahrnehmung, Bekanntheitsgrad und Vertrauen, Kaufverhalten, Zahlungsbereitschaft sowie Glaubwürdigkeit gegenüber Fairtrade- und Bio-Produkten abgefragt. Der Kreis der Befragten umfasste die Gruppe der Studierenden, Mitarbeiter/innen und Professor(inn)en. Darüber hinaus konnten Differenzierungen nach Geschlecht, Einkommen und Alter vorgenommen werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen unter anderem eine Skepsis – hier insbesondere bei der Gruppe der Studierenden – gegenüber der Glaubwürdigkeit bekannter Fairtrade- und Bio-Siegel. Dabei ist das Misstrauen gegenüber den Aussagen des Bio-Siegels deutlich stärker ausgeprägt. Bezüglich der Kaufbereitschaft und dem tatsächlichen Verhalten ist das Phänomen des attitude behaviour gap zu beobachten. Die Befragten halten Fairtrade zwar für unterstützenswert, drücken ihre Einstellung aber nicht in ihrem tatsächlichen Verhalten aus. Die Befragung zeigt, dass häufig Unklarheit über die inhaltlichen Aspekte der Faitrade- und Bio-Siegel besteht. Insbesondere mehr Aufklärung (Bewusstseinsbildung) und eine größere Transparenz des Fairtrade-Systems könnten hier entgegenwirken und dazu beitragen, dass Einstellungen sich auch in tatsächlichem Handeln widerspiegeln.